基于非线性技术的AUV组合导航新方法

针对小型AUV对低成本、微小型、高性能导航系统的需求,提出了一种基于MEMS技术的IMU/DVL组合导航新方法.分析了低成本惯性导航系统的特点和误差模型,为有效提高系统的导航精度引入多酱勒测速仪与微机械惯性测量单元相组合,并采用无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法设计组合导航系统的滤波器.仿真结果表明,基于UKF滤波的MEMS...     

GNSS/INS超紧组合导航综述

卫星/惯性超紧组合导航系统以其定位精度高、动态性能优良、抗干扰能力强等特性成为组合导航领域的研究热点。介绍了卫星/惯性超紧组合的定位原理,基于对技术原理的分析,比较超紧组合模式相对于其他组合模式的优势特点;以高动态下超紧组合技术及卫星/微惯性单元超紧组合为代表介绍国内外研究现状;总结了亟待研究的容错控制技术、神经网络辅助、多传感器辅助超紧组合等关键技术,并对卫星/惯性超紧组合向着低成本、高精度、强稳定趋势发展的前景进行展望。     

MIMU/GPS系统在卫星不足时的导航算法研究

随着微机电系统技术的不断发展,低成本的微型惯性测量单元在民用和军事方面应用越来越广泛,由于其测量误差较大导致系统误差出现发散的问题,通常采用卫星进行组合导航,抑制系统导航误差的发散。当可见卫星数为4颗及以上时,以松组合的方式能实现较高精度的导航,当可见卫星数低于4颗时,松组合不能正常工作,但紧组合的方式依然能正常工作,当载体出现转弯或变向运动时,导航误差出现较大波动,尤其航向角误差出现缓慢发散的趋势。针对此问题,在伪距观测的基础上,通过增加姿态观测信息,提高系统的可观测性,仿真实验表明,在增加全姿态观测信息时,MIMU/GPS紧组合导航系统的导航误差不受载体运动状态的影响。     

载体角运动对旋转式惯导系统旋转调制效果的影响

为了提高惯性导航系统长时间导航精度,采用旋转调制技术将惯性器件常值误差在导航系中调制成周期变化的信号,抑制系统误差发散.基于惯性测量单元误差模型,阐述了旋转调制技术的基本原理.理论分析了载体角运动对旋转调制效果的影响,推导了载体水平角运动下导航系中等效陀螺误差方程.进行了仿真和试验.理论分析、仿真和试验结果表明:载体水...     

捷联惯性系统中 IMU 安装误差及陀螺漂移的估计

为减小IMU 安装误差及陀螺漂移对捷联惯性系统导航参数精度的影响,采用速度/姿态角组合匹配传递对准模型的误差方程和IMU的安装误差角方程结合的方法组成新的滤波器模型,并引入改进的BP神经网络算法,实现了IMU安装误差及陀螺漂移的快速有效估计.为对捷联惯性导系统的各项导航参数进行修正和补偿、提高导航精度提供了依据.     

光学陀螺旋转惯导系统原理探讨

利用旋转自动补偿光学陀螺的漂移是实现高精度惯性导航的有效途径之一,补偿的原理可以从惯性导航的误差方程中得到阐明。光学陀螺的特点决定了采用元件级的旋转方式会带来额外的误差和问题,而只能采用系统级的旋转,即整个惯性测量组合旋转补偿的方式。对一种8次180°翻转的光学陀螺惯性测量组合旋转方案进行了图形化的说明和分析,并仿真比较了旋转补偿前后的导航误差,结果表明这种系统级的补偿方案能够抵消所有惯性元件的静态漂移,从而大大提高了导航输出的位置和姿态精度。     

基于MEMS器件的弹载组合导航技术

卫星/微惯导组合导航是目前弹载导航系统领域的研究热点。在深入研究弹载卫星/微惯导组合导航体系架构的基础上,分析了弹载导航的关键技术以及各关键技术的解决方案;采用适应高过载环境的微惯性元件及电路模块的缓冲保护措施,提高组合导航系统的抗高过载性能;提出卫星辅助MEMS测量信息的姿态角估计技术解决了空中对准问题,采用基于加性四元数的差量卡尔曼滤波技术,实现了卫星定位与微惯导的高精度组合。试验结果表明,该技术可有效解决制导弹药的导航问题。     

美国海军5英寸弹的GPS/INS制导系统

增程制导弹(增程制导弹药)演示项目是美国德雷珀(Draper)实验室与美国海军水面作战中心达格伦(Dahlgren)分部(NSWCDD)的一个联合技术项目,而计划责任归属于美国海军海上系统司令部海军水面火力支援计划处。该项目以1996年11月开始的四次飞行试验而达到顶峰,这些试验证明了增程与改善精度方面均超过了常规的海军5英寸弹。本文描述了增程制导炮弹演示全球定位系统/微机械惯性测量装置(GPS/MMIMU)的设计、使用和关键的性能问题。全球定位系统/微机械惯性测量装置是美国海军的5英寸增程制导弹演示弹的制导系统。该制导系统将GPS的位置数据与微机械惯性传感器的量测组合形成导航方案,并利用导航数据与预先确定的瞄准点位置来产生制导指令。除GPS接收机与微机械惯性传感器组件(MMISA)外,系统还包括一个g加固的基准振荡器、制导与导航电子装置和电源转换电子装置,所有封装在一个长8.4英寸、直径为4.35英寸的8磅力的筒体内。     

GPS/INS全组合制导火箭弹姿态仿真研究

建立了状态变量为15维的组合系统动态方程,对运用GPS姿态测量系统的GPS/INS组合导航系统进行了分析,得出了增加不同种类的外部导航信息观测量将有效提高惯导系统误差修正能力的结论.应用卡尔曼滤波方法对GPS姿态测量系统信息对惯性导航系统的误差修正能力进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,GPS姿态信息的引入可以大大提高制导火箭弹的航向测量精度,能较好地改善INS的导航性能.     

基于TEAMS的惯性测量组合故障诊断

装备的故障诊断能力是装备保障能力的重要方面.针对惯性测量组合故障诊断所面临的问题,深入研究了多信号建模方法,建立了基于TEAMS平台的惯性测量组合多信号模型,分析并对比了不同测试点设置方案的故障源隔离最优测试次序,实现了基于TEAMS的惯性测量组合交互式故障诊断.研究结果表明,基于TEAMS的惯性测量组合故障诊断方法可行且有效,大大提高了装备的保障能力.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.