拦截高速机动目标的捕获区及微分对策导引律

针对高速机动目标拦截场景,研究末制导段捕获区存在条件及微分对策导引律问题。建立弹目相对运动模型并引入控制动力学模型,采用终端投影方法对相对运动模型进行降阶处理;基于微分对策理论推导一种解析形式捕获区,并具体到直/气复合控制导弹对机动目标的拦截中,该捕获区的存在能够保证对任意机动目标进行准确捕获;重新选取性能指标,将目标与直/气复合控制导弹在末端带有碰撞角约束的制导问题转化为零和微分对策问题,并求解出弹目最优拦截策略。仿真分析了几种情形下直/气复合控制导弹对目标实施拦截的捕获区存在域,导引律仿真结果表明微分对策导引律在对高速机动目标进行拦截时具有优良性能。     

弹着时间可控的机动目标多弹协同制导律

针对机动目标的多导弹齐射攻击，运用最优控制和卡尔曼滤波理论探索机动目标下弹着时间可控制导律问题。设计了一种最优弹着时间可控的制导律，它由指定弹着时间和预计弹着时间的误差作为反馈信号与传统比例制导律结合推导得出，称之为弹着时间可控制导律（Impact-time-control Guidance Law，简称ITCG），同时利用卡尔曼滤波估计了目标加速度。通过对作战模型情况的仿真，可以看出这种新型的制导律应用于引导多发导弹以指定时间同时攻击目标时的有效性和可行性。     

弹着时间可控的机动目标多弹协同制导律*

针对机动目标的多导弹齐射攻击，运用最优控制和卡尔曼滤波理论探索机动目标下弹着时间可控制导律问题。设计了一种最优弹着时间可控的制导律，它由指定弹着时间和预计弹着时间的误差作为反馈信号与传统比例制导律结合推导得出，称之为弹着时间可控制导律（Impact-time-control Guidance Law，简称ITCG），同时利用卡尔曼滤波估计了目标加速度。通过对作战模型情况的仿真，可以看出这种新型的制导律应用于引导多发导弹以指定时间同时攻击目标时的有效性和可行性。     

临近空间防空导弹制导律

基于临近空间防空导弹,在拦截高空高速大机动目标的条件下,对导弹的制导律进行了研究。给出了微分对策制导律的理论知识及其具体算法,通过Simulink工具进行模块化建模,并将制导律模型引入导弹六自由度模型中进行仿真,对比分析导弹飞行轨迹和需用过载,表明微分对策制导律要比常用的比例导引制导律更优。     

Research on Guidance Low for Near Space Air Defence Missil

基于临近空间防空导弹,在拦截高空高速大机动目标的条件下,对导弹的制导律进行了研究.给出了微分对策制导律的理论知识及其具体算法,通过Simulink工具进行模块化建模,并将制导律模型引入导弹六自由度模型中进行仿真,对比分析导弹飞行轨迹和需用过载,表明微分对策制导律要比常用的比例导引制导律更优.     

复合制导末制导律优化方法研究

对最速下降优化方法进行了改进,并利用改进的最速下降优化方法,优化了复合制导导弹的末制导律,仿真自寻的中制导段采用最佳预测制导律、末制导段采用纯比例导引律的比例系数Ｋ的最优值。复合制导,末制导,优化方法     

防区外多导弹协同突防复合制导研究

针对防区外多导弹协同突防要求导弹能够成功突破敌防御系统并击中目标的问题,提出了一种基于虚拟目标的复合制导规律。首先,在敌雷达探测范围的边缘设置虚拟目标,将导弹制导过程分为制导段Ⅰ和制导段Ⅱ。然后,研究了一种基于攻击时间和攻击角度控制的制导规律,使导弹在制导段Ⅰ按指定时间和角度追踪到虚拟目标,导弹转入制导段Ⅱ后在以攻击时间最短为指标函数的最优制导规律导引下攻击真实目标。仿真结果表明该复合制导规律大大提高了多导弹的整体突防能力。     

基于过重力补偿比例导引律的末端落角控制

为了保证导弹对目标大角度攻击的效果,设计了一种带有过重力补偿项的比例导引制导律。在二维平面内建立弹-目相对运动数学模型,在传统的比例导引律基础上,增加了过重力补偿项并将其作为补偿指令引入制导回路,从而建立了仿真模型,分析了投放条件和过重力补偿系数对制导系统的影响。仿真结果表明,此制导律可实现近似-90°的末端落角,达到期望的性能要求,证明该方法的正确性和有效性。     

高超声速再入轨迹跟踪控制的微分变换方法

针对多约束条件下高超声速飞行器再入制导问题,提出一种基于微分变换法求解最优反馈控制的全状态标准轨迹跟踪制导律。利用滚动时域控制方法设计易于在线执行的闭环跟踪制导策略,在每个制导周期内将标准轨迹跟踪问题转化为线性时变系统状态调节器问题,并通过最优控制理论进一步转化为两点边值问题,采用微分变换法进行求解获得最优反馈控制律。数值仿真表明微分变换法的引入有效解决了传统两点边值问题求解的数值不稳定性与耗时问题,所设计的闭环制导律对状态偏差与模型不确定性具有较强的鲁棒性,可为工程设计提供有益参考。     

主被动雷达协同跟踪制导方法研究

针对导弹主被动雷达协同跟踪制导问题,采取了复合制导的方法,把2种不同制导律复合作为导弹主被动雷达协同跟踪的导引法,并把卡尔曼滤波器估计应用到有目标机动时导弹的末制导。用Matlab进行仿真,对导弹的机动性,弹目遭遇时间进行研究,最后仿真分析表明了复合制导方法的优越性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.