信息化战争遭遇变脸

美军X47B无人机的航母起飞,成功,预示着一个划时代的到来,将会引发未来作战样式的新变革。随着智能化无人武器的大量使用,在不久的将来,战场上将会活跃着数不清的无人化武器,并使未来信息化战争作战样式发生重要改变。     

自主化将成为未来战争的显著特征

正随着以人工智能为代表的新一代信息技术的迅猛发展及其在军事领域的广泛应用,战争手段加快向自主适应的方向发展,未来战争将呈现出高度自主化的显著特征。新型全自主武器成为未来战场上的主角,战场编组具备自主适应能力,更加灵活、富有弹性,具有群体自主协同的多样化作战能力,有人与无人协同作战将成为主要作战样式,未来战争将向自主化方向发展。     

5G改变未来战争

正随着人工智能的迅猛发展及其在军事领域的广泛应用,战争形态正向智能化方向发展。5G移动通信网络的商用普及进一步推动人工智能的发展,智能化作战将迈向更高的水平。在5G移动通信网络的支持下,人工智能在作战指挥、情报数据共享、战场态势分析等方面会发挥重要作用,加快推进现代战争向智能化、无人化和自主化方面发展。     

此处无人胜有人？——智能化武器频繁亮相

5月14日,美国X-47B隐形无人习机首次从航母起飞,标志着航母舰载武器新时代的来临。可以预言的是,军事科技的快速发展,各种无人化、智能化武器的层出不穷,将深刻改变未来战争作战样式。好菜坞大片中上演的智能机器的对决也许不再遥远……     

美军加快发展智能武器装备

<正>随着人工智能、物联网、大数据、云计算、量子通信等新一代信息技术的迅猛发展及其在战场上的广泛应用,战争形态将逐步由信息化战争转变为智能化战争。美军洞察到世界新一轮技术革命和军事变革的发展态势,聚焦人工智能与自主技术,进行提前布局,加快推进武器装备的智能化、无人化和自主化。     

美军针对高超声速武器的反导预警能力发展态势分析

高超声速武器具有飞行速度快、精确毁伤和高效突防等特点,具有重要的战略威慑和实战应用价值,它能够大幅改变未来战争的态势,已成为大国打破战略平衡、打赢未来战争的新型“杀手锏”。随着高超声速武器逐步走向战场,世界各主要国家的反导防御体系将向更高预警维度、更快反应速度和更大打击力度的天地一体联合防御方向发展。本文分析了高超声速武器作战优势及其对未来战争的影响和威胁,阐述了美军现有反导预警能力的基本架构与能力缺陷,对其未来反高超声速武器的预警能力建设及发展态势进行了研判与预测。美军“优先发展天基反导作战体系,发挥低轨卫星主体作用”的反高超声速武器发展思路对于军队反导反高超声速武器能力建设具有一定的启示和借鉴作用。     

日趋成熟的精确制导武器技术

精确制导技术是在传统制导技术的基础上发展起来的，是信息时代的产物。在军事需求的牵引下，它直接促成了各种精确制导武器应运而生，并在20世纪后期发生的几场有国际影响的局部战争中大量投入使用，改变了传统作战模式，使战争结局向有利于“多国部队”的方向发展，起到了关键作用。精确制导武器成为具有时代特征的高技术武器，由此“开创了战争的新时代”，使人们对未来的作战特点和战争形式有了一个全新的概念。     

走近“智能化”作战

信息化带来了武器装备的智能化,智能化武器和智能化作战方式的发展正在极大地改变着军事活动内容.本文从智能化作战的产生背景、特征及对战争的主要影响进行了论述.     

无人作战及其指挥控制问题探析

未来军事斗争将向无人化、智能化、自主化方向发展,无人作战将成为重要的作战样式。无人作战的核心是无人作战指挥控制。研究了无人作战的发展历程,探讨了无人作战的制胜机理,分析了无人作战指挥控制的主要特征。基于无人系统自主程度的不同类型,提出了无人作战指挥控制的过程模型,即“人在回路中”模式、“人在回路上”和“人在回路外”3种过程模型,探讨了过程模型中军事人员与无人系统的关系。提出了提升无人作战指挥控制的途径,为未来遂行无人作战指挥控制提供参考借鉴。     

推进国防现代化的前沿新技术——21世纪国防技术发展展望

随着国防科技的迅速发展,未来战争的战场空间越来越广,交战的距离越来越远,作战的节奏越来越快,信息成为战争的焦点,新概念武器大量进入战场。知识化军队、智能化武器、数字化战场、信息化战争、威慑化战略,将成为21世纪军事发展的基本趋势。未来的高技术战争将是核、生、化等大规模杀伤性武器威慑下的信息化战争,未来的战场将是陆、海、空、天、电一体化的战场,未来的武器装备将是体系与体系的对抗,未来的国防技术将实现突破性进展。一、能源动力技术突飞猛进地面装甲车辆推进技术将包括以下两个方面:电推进技术,包括燃料电池、混合型电推…     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.