卫星通信新技术专题讲座(二) 第3讲 基于分段累加的大频偏估计算法

文章提出了一种基于分段FFT累加的前向频率估计算法,该算法不需要位定时辅助,只要采样频率足够高,即能适合于各种频偏的信号。该算法仅需要较短长度的FFT运算,并通过采用多段累加的方式提高估计效果。仿真表明,该算法可以在极低信噪比以及大频偏条件下获得令人满意的估计精度。     

基于星座图恢复的MQAM信号调制方式识别算法*

针对MQAM信号调制方式的识别问题,提出了一种基于星座图恢复的算法。该算法首先估计信号载频及信噪比等参数,并依据波特率和符号定时完成对接收信号的波特率采样。随后采用一种非判决辅助载频偏差估计方法,以消除载频偏差及相位偏移对星座图恢复的影响。最后利用平均似然比检测的方法,完成MQAM信号调制方式的识别。仿真结果表明,与仅考虑信号幅值分布的极大似然算法相比,该算法具有更优的识别性能。     

幅相调制信号的星座图恢复与调制方式识别

针对幅相调制信号的调制方式识别问题,提出一种基于星座图恢复的算法。该算法估计信号载频及信噪比等参数,并依据波特率和符号定时完成对接收信号的波特率采样;采用一种非数据辅助载频偏差估计方法,以消除载频偏差及相位偏移对星座图恢复的影响;利用平均似然比检测的方法,完成幅相调制信号调制方式的识别。仿真结果表明,与仅考虑信号幅值分布的极大似然算法相比,该算法具有识别性能更优。     

基于APSK信号周期性相差的载波频偏估计算法

随着卫星通信业务的发展,卫星高阶调制技术逐渐得到广泛的应用,然而高阶调制信号受载波频差的影响比较严重。基于高阶幅度相位调制(APSK)的信号特点,讨论了载波频偏对信号产生的影响,并根据频偏带来的相位偏差的周期性,采用了周期统计和快速傅里叶变换算法,从而获得噪声下的频偏估计值,并进行了仿真和性能分析。研究和仿真表明,该方法估计精度较高,简单易行,且不受载波初始相偏的影响。     

一种16APSK信号载波残余频偏估计算法

文中提出了一种针对16A PSK信号的非数据辅助的载波残余频偏估计算法。该算法以判决后星座点的相位偏转量与判决符号数之间的数学关系为依据,通过对16APSK星座判决区域进行优化,并结合FFT方法求解相位偏转量的周期得以实现。仿真分析表明,在不同的信噪比条件下该算法通过选择适当的估计长度能快速完成高精度的频偏估计。     

二维衰减谐波估计的四阶混合累积量方法

针对二维衰减谐波估计方法在大样本容量条件下计算量过大的问题,提出了一种基于二维四阶混合累积量的ESPRIT方法。在不影响估计精度的前提下,通过保持特征矩阵结构不变,有效地减小了算法的计算量。利用四阶混合累积量对高斯噪声的自动抑制,降低了参数估计的信噪比门限并提高了估计精度。仿真实验表明,在高斯色噪声条件下该方法的计算效率和估计性能优于现有方法。     

基于SPWVD的差分跳频信号参数估计方法

在深入分析差分跳频信号产生机理和信号特性的基础上,提出一种基于SPWVD的差分跳频信号参数估计方法,利用SPWVD算法对差分跳频信号进行时频分析,通过检测时频分析数组中相邻跳信号的频率跳变时间来估计跳驻留时间参数,进一步估计跳速、瞬时频率等参数。仿真结果表明,提出的算法可以对差分跳频信号实现有效的参数估计,且估计精度较高,处理计算量较少。     

一种BPSK相参脉冲信号多普勒频率变化率测量方法

BPSK信号广泛应用于新体制雷达中,测量BPSK信号中包含的多普勒频率变化率信息是单站无源定位与跟踪的关键技术.通过对BPSK信号平方消除了相位调制对参数估计的影响,并利用离散傅立叶变换进行脉冲间相参积累,算法具有计算量小、多普勒频率变化率估计精度高的优点.计算机仿真结果表明参数估计的精度能达到单站无源定位与跟踪系统的精度要求.     

积分二次相位函数和傅里叶变换的多相码参数估计

针对传统时频方法对多相码信号参数估计计算量比较大的问题,提出一种新的多相码参数估计方法。首先利用积分二次相位函数(IQPF)估计信号的调频率,然后重新构造一个线性调频信号(LFM),通过解线调将多相码信号的调频率消除,最后计算解线调后信号的傅里叶变换(FFT)估计信号脊线间隔和载频,进而估计信号的码元宽度和重复周期。该方法不需要进行直角坐标和极坐标的变换且仅需一维搜索,可以大幅度减小计算量。仿真表明,可以用较小的计算量取得与RAT(Radon-Wigner Transformation)和RWT(Radon-Ambiguity Transformation)相当的估计精度。     

基于最优化的广域雷场空间多节点坐标修正算法

为了解决在智能雷场中,GPS精度无法满足节点布局精度要求的问题,提出了精准测距和GPS相结合的节点坐标修正算法。算法对活动雷进行聚类处理,将雷场划分为多个区域,在得到的多个点集中寻找可组成凸多边形的点。通过坐标修正模型,将问题转化为最优化问题,完成对凸多边形各顶点坐标的修正,最终实现全部节点的坐标修正。实验结果表明修正算法可以有效减少广域空间中多节点间坐标的相对误差,使坐标尽可能与节点实际物理位置一致。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.