坦克分队纵深战斗火力对抗建模分析

简要介绍坦克分队纵深战斗的概念及重要意义。围绕坦克分队火力对抗的要求,针对坦克分队纵深战斗中的特点,从分析发现概率、命中概率、毁伤概率和毁伤流密度入手,运用定性与定量相结合的方法,运用兰彻斯特平方律方程,深入研究坦克分队纵深战斗火力对抗的战斗效能,确定其交换率和兵力比例。算法简便易行,结构合理,专业性强。结论能够检验坦克分队新型装备的作战效能,符合实际战场需要。     

直瞄武器射击综合条件命中概率的研究

根据直瞄武器可对任意距离、任意形状目标进行射击的特性,建立了在平均弹着点与目标中心不重合时求解命中概率的数学模型,提出了以综合条件命中概率作为评价直瞄坦克对装甲目标射击的效率指标,利用心形分布函数对不同方位角上的条件命中概率加权求和计算综合条件命中概率.在实战模拟和火力运用研究方面具有良好的运用效果.     

无人炮塔系统关键技术组合分析

无人炮塔系统是未来火力系统发展的方向,在坦克和装甲车辆炮塔部分被命中概率高的现实情况下,无人炮塔对乘员来说相对安全。文章初步分析了无人炮塔系统的关键技术——遥控火炮技术和自动输弹技术实现的可能性和途径,并且针对在相同底盘上配置更大威力火炮的要求,探讨了膨胀波技术在无人炮塔上的应用。     

基于公式法的某型水陆坦克海上火力打击效能

针对某型水陆坦克火力威力和火控系统特点,运用定性与定量分析相结合的方式,研究水陆坦克的火力打击效能。运用公式法,从分析某型水陆坦克海上射击误差入手,结合海上作战环境,研究其命中概率,并结合环境特点,分析条件毁伤概率,确定其对M60A3坦克和工事目标的火力打击的能力,得出了水陆坦克的开火距离、弹种选择等相关结果。研究结论对于分析火力打击效能提供了较为合理的方法,对于指导某型水陆坦克海上火力运用提供了借鉴作用。     

第三代坦克的技术特点

1 概述坦克技术在不断改进,影响战后研制工作的是成形装药。由于装甲不再能起完全保护作用,作战中的决定性的因素是机动性。就作战的主要准则火力而言,远距首发命中概率在增加。在第一次世界大战中,有效作战距离仅为100米,到第二次世界大战时则增加到500米～800米。现在则达到2000米。这里说的是命中概率,瞄准系统的改进对它的增加要比火炮技术的进步影响更大。电子传感器和计算机现已能测量和处理大量内、外弹道因素,激光测距的精度达±10米。对于现在的弹头初速,唯一不能预定的因素是沿弹道的横向风的影响。装甲防护起初由于缺乏合适材料而落后,近15年已有改观。装甲防护现已能抵御前一代坦克的火力。与此同时,也正在改进炮与弹药的穿透力。增大炮的口径,从90mm     

第三代坦克的技术特点

1 概述坦克技术在不断改进,影响战后研制工作的是成形装药。由于装甲不再能起完全保护作用,作战中的决定性的因素是机动性。就作战的主要准则火力而言,远距首发命中概率在增加。在第一次世界大战中,有效作战距离仅为100米,到第二次世界大战时则增加     

炮射导弹命中概率分析

坦克安装激光驾束炮射导弹武器系统后,可以明显提高远距离攻击装甲目标的能力,但在各种不同射击方式下,对不同距离目标射击时的命中概率如何,在实装上难以进行全面试验和评估。通过对影响炮射导弹命中概率的各种系统偏差和随机误差进行分析,计算出坦克在原地和行进间对不动和运动目标、从500m~4 000m距离射击时的首发命中概率数值,并对计算结果进行了分析。     

穿甲弹对主战坦克毁伤的计算分析

在完善毁伤等级、目标构造、部件贡献因子、毁伤准则、目标描述系统、系统杀伤树等概念的基础上建立穿甲弹对主战坦克的毁伤模型,通过此模型计算单发弹命中坦克时的毁伤概率,提出主战坦克易损性分析的方法及降低易损性的途径.     

中型坦克对斜方向运动目标射击的误差分析

本文通过装有××型简易火控系统的中型坦克,利用短停射击的方法,对斜方向(航路为45°)运动目标射击进行了误差分析和命中概率的计算,从射击的角度说明了新装备火力性能的先进性,进而提出在新的军事战略方针和新装备条件下,发展射击教范和改进训练方法的几点看法.     

神奇的精确制导武器

精确制导武器,是命中精度很高的导弹、制导炮弹和制导炸弹等制导武器的总称。这些武器对射程内的点状目标,如坦克、舰艇、装甲车辆、雷达、桥梁和指挥中心等,可以达成很高的命中概率。它之所以能够准确导向不同的战场目标,最根本的是有计算机技术、通信技术、控制技术、抬进技术等一系列先进技术因素在发挥作用,缺少哪一项先进技术,要达到精确制导都是不可能的。所以,精确制导武器又是一系列先进技术的综合体,是一种最典型的高枝术兵器。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.