飞行器推力偏心及质心漂移总体估算方法研究

对于在大气层外采用直接侧向力控制的飞行器来说,由于推力偏心以及质心漂移的存在,飞行器轨控发动机在工作时,会在滚转、俯仰、偏航等通道中产生附加的姿态干扰力矩。若干扰力矩过大,就会导致姿态失稳。首先建立了一个完整的基于直接侧向力控制的飞行器仿真模型,以动力学模型为基本方程,分别采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)和无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)推导出了飞行器推力偏心和质心漂移的滤波模型。最后给出了仿真算例,验证了滤波模型的正确性并对2种滤波模型的特性进行了对比。     

美军末段高空区域防御系统现状和发展趋势

作为美军全球弹道导弹防御体系的重要组成部分,末段高空区域防御系统(THAAD)能在大气层内高空或大气层外拦截来袭的战术和战区弹道导弹。分析了THAAD系统的防护区域、拦截能力,以及机动能力和生存能力。阐述了末段高空区域防御系统动能拦截弹、地基雷达(GBR)、指挥控制/作战管理与通信系统(C2BMC)的技术现状,并分析了发展趋势。     

自旋稳定动能拦截器轨控发动机推力控制

提出了大气层外自旋稳定式动能拦截器的一种典型轨控发动机阵列布局.在分析小发动机工作的各种约束条件的基础上,推导了发动机推力角度、推力大小和冲量效率的计算公式,提出了发动机工作的控制方法.在各种初始条件下进行拦截仿真,所得的脱靶量均在0.3 m以内,可视为直接碰撞命中目标.同时通过仿真分析了冲量效率与自旋速度、发动机工作时间、每圈发动机个数的关系.     

空间作战飞行器正悄悄走来

空间作战飞行器(Space Opera-tions Vehicle,SOV)是目前世界上部分国家正在发展的一种尖端空间武器。它是一种能迅速穿越大气层,往返于地球与外层空间,并能在空间长期驻留和进行机动,可重复使用的空间作战与航天运输的两用飞行器。既可在空间又可在大气层内执行攻击、运输、空间回收、侦察等多项军事任务。在空间活动相当于航天飞机,在大气层活动相当于高性能战斗机,在未来空间对抗中具有十分重要的作用。     

现代军事词典

环地球空间(Circumterrestrial Space)临近地球大气层、高度约为96～80000公里左右的区域。目前大部分军事空间活动都发生在这个区域。有时还称为近地空间。地-月系统(Earth-Moon System)从地心向所有方向延伸约768000公里的假想球体内的空间及其全部包含物。月球和穿入地球的小行星是最明显的看得见的特征。大气层、重力和范艾伦辐射带是看不见但又非常重要的特征。     

环球防务

美军探索新型动能拦截弹方案 美国《航空航天技术周刊》、《每日航宇》报道,美海军和陆军正在研究一种称为“质量矩导弹”（Ｍａｓｓ Ｍｏ－ｍｅｎｔ　Ｍｉｓｓｉｌｅ）的新型动能拦截弹方案。拟议中的这种拦截弹既可在大气层内拦截弹道导弹,也可在大气层外拦截弹道导弹,其设计方案将比现有的动能拦截弹更简单、更便宜、飞行速度更高。 这种新型动能拦截弹将采用新的导弹控制途径,特征是重心稍偏离气动压力中心。导弹靠移动配重改变姿态,而不是使用传统的飞行控制装置。因此,拦截器的导引头常平架、弹翼、姿控与轨控推进系统和推力矢…     

近代自然科学的重要开拓者——克里斯蒂安·惠更斯

2004年7月1日零时12分(北京时间12时12分),在经过近7年的太空旅行,飞行35亿千米后,"卡西尼"号星际探测器成功飞入土星轨道,开始为期4年的土星探索历程。"卡西尼"号上不仅安装有12台探测设备,还携带了以荷兰物理学家、天文学家和数学家克里斯蒂安·惠更斯(ChristiaanHuygens)名字命名的"惠更斯"号探测器。"惠更斯"号探测器将于今年初着陆土卫六,对这颗太阳系中唯一一颗拥有浓密大气层的卫星进行探测,其任务就是要穿入其大气层,在近3个小时的减速下降过程中,把探测大气层时所得到的数据和图象,用无线电信号传送给轨道上的“卡西尼”号飞船,然后再传回地球。     

美国地基中段防御系统部署及作战分析

简述了美国地基中段防御(GMD)系统的部署情况,对其早期预警能力、目标弹道的预报及确定能力,以及大气层外杀伤器(EKV)的寻的能力、作战管理指挥控制及通讯(BMC3)的协调、通讯能力等作了简要分析,并结合已进行的几次拦截试验的试验情况对目前GMD系统的作战能力进行了评估.     

CODE新光压模型对北斗混合导航星座精密轨道确定的影响

运用卫星定轨软件工具包NUDTTK,分析了欧洲定轨中心扩展的经验光压模型(EECOM)对北斗二代混合导航星座精密轨道确定的影响。研究表明:对地球静止轨道卫星而言,EECOM能够明显改善定轨精度,相比于传统的ECOM-9和ECOM-5模型,卫星激光测距检核精度分别提高17.4%和35.1%。对倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和中轨道卫星而言,采用ECOM-5模型的定轨精度要优于采用EECOM和ECOM-9模型的,新光压模型EECOM并不能有效改善倾斜地球同步轨道卫星和中轨道卫星的定轨精度。与IGS数据分析中心WHU、GFZ和CODE的轨道产品相互比对的结果显示:目前,国防科技大学北斗精密轨道产品中,地球静止轨道卫星的定轨精度为1~4 m,倾斜地球同步轨道卫星的定轨精度为25~30 cm,中轨道卫星的定轨精度为10~20 cm。     

利用SLR数据校准GPS精密定轨系统误差

分析了卫星激光测距(Satellite Laser Ranging, 简称SLR)检核GPS精密定轨精度基本原理,结合GPS精密定轨误差特点,提出了一种利用SLR数据校准GPS精密定轨系统误差的新方法.新方法在卫星一次过境的短弧段内,利用多个激光测站的分时观测数据,采用多站分时投影思想,重构系统误差,辨识三个方向的定轨精度差异.新方法需要一定数据量的支持,仿真结果表明,利用3个以上测站分时投影可以校准定轨线性系统误差,并且站星矢量之间的夹角越大,效果越好.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.