La掺杂GO/TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

采用改进Hummer氧化法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),采用超声辅助溶胶凝胶法,以GO、硝酸镧、钛酸丁酯为原料制备La掺杂GO/Ti O_2复合材料。通过综合热分析仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和紫外可见光谱仪等仪器对复合材料的结构及理化性质进行表征和分析。以紫外光(UV)照射下复合材料对甲醛的降解率为指标考察光催化活性,探讨煅烧温度、GO质量分数、La质量分数对复合材料光催化性能的影响。结果表明,GO/Ti O_2复合材料对甲醛的降解率高于纯TiO_2,La的掺杂进一步提高了复合材料的光催化效率。煅烧温度为500℃,GO的质量分数为9%,La的质量分数为5%时复合材料对甲醛的降解率最佳,达到87.5%。     

实验条件对纳米多孔二氧化硅薄膜性能的影响

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为先驱体,采用酸/碱两步溶胶—凝胶法,结合旋转涂胶和超临界干燥等工艺在硅片上制备了SiO2薄膜。XRD和AFM表明该SiO2薄膜为无定形态,具有多孔网络结构,表面均匀、平整,其SiO2粒子和孔隙的直径为30～40nm。利用椭偏仪测量了薄膜的厚度和折射率,薄膜的厚度为300～1100nm,折射率为1.13～1.23,孔隙率为50%～70%,介电常数为1.9～2.4。SiO2薄膜的厚度随溶剂异丙醇(IPA)用量的减少、催化剂NH4OH用量的增加、SiO2溶胶粘度的增大和旋转涂胶速度的降低而增大;介电常数随NH4OH用量和SiO2溶胶粘度的增加而降低,IPA用量和旋转速度对SiO2薄膜的介电常数影响较小。     

液体推进剂爆炸冲击波数值计算及实验误差分析

液体推进剂爆炸危害后果的精确计算需要对爆炸当量进行精确估算,实验测量存在高成本、高风险的缺点,而数值计算成本低、时间快、可重复性强,因而成为爆炸冲击波危害性研究的一种重要手段。基于爆炸相似律,利用LS-DYNA有限元软件对开放空间N_2O_4/UDMH爆炸模型进行了数值计算,研究了液体推进剂爆炸冲击波在无限空气域的传播规律。通过仿真值和实验值的对比分析,将引起实验误差的主要原因总结为测量点布置高度、测量装置加固情况和推进剂混合不均匀,并给出了相应的建议。     

三元混合气体爆炸极限实验研究

瓦斯爆炸是煤矿灾害事故最主要的因素。瓦斯是以CH4为主,常含有CO2、CO、H2S、C2H4、C2H6、H2、SO2等的多元混合可燃性气体。随着各组分配比的不同,瓦斯的爆炸极限不同,呈现的火灾爆炸危险性也不同。利用HY12474型爆炸极限测定仪研究煤矿开采区常见的可燃气体混合物爆炸极限随组分配比变化的情况。通过对三组分不同配比混合气体的爆炸极限的测试,采用Taylor多项式,拟合出了常压下三元气体混合物的爆炸极限随组分配比变化的经验计算公式,并通过实验数据进行了验证,表明经验公式计算结果与实验数据很好吻合,具有工程应用价值。     

两层非λ/4激光增透膜

两层非λ/4增透膜很适合于在激光器件上使用。它对于材料的折射率没有严格的要求,因而可以选择各种镀膜材料,在各种基体上镀制这种增透膜,而且对于任一确定的可见或近红外激光波长,原则上都能达到接近零反射的要求。我们在K_9,ZF_1,ZF_2,BaK_3,水晶等基体上镀制Bi_2O_3—MgF_2或ZnS—MgF_2两层非λ/4增透膜,得到对于λ_0=6328A°单面反射率约万分之五(0.05％),更好的情况下达到万分之一至二(0.01—0.02％)的增透效果。本文详细地报告了两层非λ/4增透膜的原理,计算,制备和实验结果,并且讨论了两层非λ/4增透膜的一般性规律,以及增透膜的质量评价等问题;另外,还特别注意研究了Bi_2O_3膜的性质和蒸镀方法。     

气动光学效应中调制传递函数的计算方法

从Maxwell方程出发 ,推导了光在湍流中传播的调制传递函数的计算公式。依据折射率起伏相关函数的两种形式 ,计算了光学相位差。根据湍流的动能和动能耗散率输运方程 ,建立了折射率起伏方差的计算模型。最后 ,指出了文中所给公式的适用范围 ,对更好地进行调制传递函数的计算提出了建议。     

光学镀膜宽带膜厚监控系统

针对过去的宽带膜厚监控法必须依赖镀制前设定的目标透射率 (反射率 )的固有缺陷 ,提出了在蒸镀过程中及时拟合出所镀层的膜厚、色散系数 (折射率 )等参数 ,并据此不断修正目标透射率 (反射率 )的设想 ,从而从根本上克服过去的宽带膜厚监控法的固有缺陷。建立了基于修正膜层目标光谱特性的宽带膜厚监控系统 ,阐述了它的结构和工作原理。进行了稳定性实验及一系列镀膜监控实验 ,实验结果表明 ,该系统透射率的重复测量精度优于 2‰ ,膜厚监控精度较高 ,重复性好 ,各层的终点膜厚判定精度优于 1 %。     

基于电容式双探针检测装置的油水混合物 检测实验研究

机动管线水顶油排空是管线使用中的一项基本作业,排空过程中不可避免地会产生油水混合物,准确掌握油水混合比例是进行油水混合物切割的基础,故对油水混合物的检测尤为关键.结合机动管线的特点,选用基于电容检测原理的电容式双探针检测装置进行油水混合物检测实验,结果表明该装置仅适用于精度要求不高、静置时间足够长、油水混合物已充分分离的场合.机动管线水顶油排空油水混合物的检测还需要探索结构简单、操作简便的新方法.     

Cf/SiC复合材料抗氧化涂层的制备及性能

在氧化性环境中,高于400℃时碳纤维开始氧化,限制了Cf SiC复合材料的应用。通过在Cf SiC复合材料表面制备抗氧化涂层体系,可以有效地保护碳纤维不被氧化。本实验制备了含CVD SiC粘接层、自愈合功能层和CVD SiC抗冲蚀层的三层涂层体系,并进行了氧化失重试验。氧化失重试验结果表明,仅有CVD SiC涂层的试样氧化失重率较大,不能有效地保护材料,而含有自愈合功能层的三层涂层体系的材料试样,在800℃～1200℃的氧化失重率非常小,1000℃下氧化288h的失重率仅为2.3%,弯曲强度仍保持为452.9MPa。同时实验发现,试样在氧化失重试验后,其CVD SiC涂层的表面形貌有明显改变,这主要是由SiC氧化形成SiO2薄膜所致,并且在1200℃下所生成的SiO2薄膜有表面收缩趋势,具有液相膜的部分特征。     

润滑油基础油黏度调和模型的优化选择

通过测定46#机械油基础油与PAO8（8#聚α-烯烃油）不同比例混合后油品的黏温性能,研究了黏度偏差率随测量温度的变化规律．通过实验发现：国际通用黏度调和计算模型能较好预测混合基础油的高温运动黏度,黏度偏差率最大值为3．56％;而美国标准局的黏度调和计算模型在混合基础油的低温运动黏度计算上精确度更高．     

A stochastic approximation algorithm to compute bid prices for joint capacity allocation and overbooking over an airline network

In this article, we develop a stochastic approximation algorithm to find good bid price policies for the joint capacity allocation and overbooking problem over an airline network. Our approach is based on visualizing the total expected profit as a function of the bid prices and searching for a good set of bid prices by using the stochastic gradients of the total expected profit function. We show that the total expected profit function that we use is differentiable with respect to the bid prices and derive a simple expression that can be used to compute its stochastic gradients. We show that the iterates of our stochastic approximation algorithm converge to a stationary point of the total expected profit function with probability 1. Our computational experiments indicate that the bid prices computed by our approach perform significantly better than those computed by standard benchmark strategies and the performance of our approach is relatively insensitive to the frequency with which we recompute the bid prices over the planning horizon. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2011     

InSb纳米颗粒的制备与原子力显微镜

为进一步研究半导体纳米材料的物理特性,用真空沉积的方法在SiO2基片上制备了纳米InSb颗粒膜。用原子力显微镜扫描样品表面的分析显示,纳米InSb颗粒均匀地分布在SiO2基片表面。实验结果表明通过改变镀膜时间,可以得到具有不同颗粒尺寸的InSb纳米颗粒。     

基于贝叶斯混合博弈的空袭火力资源分配决策模型

从博弈论的角度出发研究空袭火力资源的分配问题,针对空袭编队和防空火力单元攻防对抗过程中存在的不确定性、静态性以及动态性,建立基于贝叶斯混合博弈的空袭对抗火力分配模型。通过构造贝叶斯混合博弈树,采用逆向回溯法分别建立不同的博弈分析模型,利用混合粒子群算法求解那什均衡。仿真结果表明:以博弈论为背景研究空袭作战火力分配问题,符合真实的作战坏境,有效性好,有较高的理论应用价值。     

Scheduling with tool changes to minimize total completion time: A study of heuristics and their performance

The machine scheduling literature does not consider the issue of tool change. The parallel literature on tool management addresses this issue but assumes that the change is due only to part mix. In practice, however, a tool change is caused most frequently by tool wear. That is why we consider here the problem of scheduling a set of jobs on a single CNC machine where the cutting tool is subject to wear; our objective is to minimize the total completion time. We first describe the problem and discuss its peculiarities. After briefly reviewing available theoretical results, we then go on to provide a mixed 0–1 linear programming model for the exact solution of the problem; this is useful in solving problem instances with up to 20 jobs and has been used in our computational study. As our main contribution, we next propose a number of heuristic algorithms based on simple dispatch rules and generic search. We then discuss the results of a computational study where the performance of the various heuristics is tested; we note that the well‐known SPT rule remains good when the tool change time is small but deteriorates as this time increases and further that the proposed algorithms promise significant improvement over the SPT rule. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2003     

穿甲子弹垂直侵彻防弹钢试验与理论模型

试验研究了穿甲子弹垂直侵彻高强防弹钢的机理,提出了一个分析靶板极限速度和弹体剩余速度的理论模型,该模型综合考虑了材料的应变率与热软化效应,结果表明,理论值与试验值吻合很好.分析了失效准则的影响,研究了剪切带温度和靶板耗能随入射速度的变化规律.     

过氧化氢改善柴油机燃烧的试验研究

提出采用过氧化氢组液参与柴油机的燃烧,改善柴油机燃烧过程,同时降低油耗与排放的新方法。分析了过氧化氢对柴油机燃烧过程的影响机理,从实用角度设计并开发了一种过氧化氢组液供给系统,并在135柴油机单缸机上试验研究过氧化氢组液消耗量对比油耗、烟度、排温及NOx的影响。     

Optimal staffing in nonstationary service centers with constraints

This paper considers optimal staffing in service centers. We construct models for profit and cost centers using dynamic rate queues. To allow for practical optimal controls, we approximate the queueing process using a Gaussian random variable with equal mean and variance. We then appeal to the Pontryagin's maximum principle to derive a closed form square root staffing (SRS) rule for optimal staffing. Unlike most traditional SRS formulas, the main parameter in our formula is not the probability of delay but rather a cost‐to‐benefit ratio that depends on the shadow price. We show that the delay experienced by customers can be interpreted in terms of this ratio. Throughout the article, we provide theoretical support of our analysis and conduct extensive numerical experiments to reinforce our findings. To this end, various scenarios are considered to evaluate the change in the staffing levels as the cost‐to‐benefit ratio changes. We also assess the change in the service grade and the effects of a service‐level agreement constraint. Our analysis indicates that the variation in the ratio of customer abandonment over service rate particularly influences staffing levels and can lead to drastically different policies between profit and cost service centers. Our main contribution is the introduction of new analysis and managerial insights into the nonstationary optimal staffing of service centers, especially when the objective is to maximize profitability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 615–630, 2017     

加筋板架抗动能穿甲的等效防护厚度研究

为研究舰船舷侧结构抗穿甲性能,采用有限元分析了两种典型工况下板架的穿甲破坏模式、弹体的剩余速度和板架的变形吸能规律,提出了基于剪切冲塞模式的剩余速度理论计算模型,比较了不同等效计算方法得到的结果,并将理论计算结果分别与相关文献的实验结果和本文的有限元计算结果进行了比较,两者之间均吻合较好。结果表明,加强筋对板架的抗穿甲性能影响较大,而板架的实际等效厚度是决定其抗穿甲性能的主要因素;不同的等效计算方法与模型相对尺寸、弹体冲击速度以及命中位置有关,对于弹体直径相对较大且初始冲击速度较高时,不同的等效计算方法得到的结果基本一致。     

Nb掺杂对双钙钛矿化合物Sr2FeMoO6电阻特性的影响

系统地研究了双钙钛矿结构氧化物Sr2FeMo1-xNbxO6中Mo位的Nb替代效应,发现Nb替代Mo可强烈抑制Sr2FeMoO6的金属导电性,并大大提高掺杂样品的电阻值和庞磁电阻特性,在5K下,Sr2FeMo0.6Nb0.4O6的庞磁电阻分别达到23%(1T)和31%(3T),在室温下,Sr2FeMo0.75Nb0.25O6的磁电阻分别达到4%(1T)和6%(3T).     

An easy solution for a special class of fixed charge problems

The fixed charge problem is a mixed integer mathematical programming problem which has proved difficult to solve in the past. In this paper we look at a special case of that problem and show that this case can be solved by formulating it as a set-covering problem. We then use a branch-and-bound integer programming code to solve test fixed charge problems using the setcovering formulation. Even without a special purpose set-covering algorithm, the results from this solution procedure are dramatically better than those obtained using other solution procedures.