45钢表面激光熔覆ND35合金涂层的组织及性能

为了修复45钢磨损装备零件,采用激光熔覆工艺在45钢表面制备了Ni35合金涂层.利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和磨损试验机分析了熔覆层的显微组织,测试了涂层的硬度和耐磨性能.结果表明:熔覆层由γ-Ni和Ni3B两相组成;熔覆层中存在平面晶、胞状晶、枝晶等多种形态;Ni35熔覆层的硬度为450 HV,熔覆层的耐磨性是基体的2.86倍.     

CeO2对NiCrBSi合金激光熔覆层滑动摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用NdYAG激光器,在45CrNi钢表面制备了添加有0、0.4%、0.8%和1.2?O2的NiCrBSi合金熔覆层.在MM-200环块摩擦磨损试验机上分别检测了4种熔覆层的滑动摩擦磨损性能.测试结果表明 经CeO2强化后熔覆层的耐磨性提高,摩擦因数略有下降.利用SEM分析磨损表面形貌可知未加入CeO2的熔覆层对应的磨损机理是显微切削;加入1.2?O2熔覆层的磨损表面光滑,显微切削造成的沟槽明显减少.上述试验结果与熔覆层显微组织密切相关.     

Fe-C合金表面激光熔覆制备耐磨涂层的研究

通过激光熔覆Fe基熔覆材料,在钢和铸铁表面获得了组织均匀、细化、无缺陷的激光熔覆层,这种熔覆层具有较高的显微硬度和优异的耐磨性。     

45钢凸轮轴磨损凸轮的激光熔覆再制造

凸轮轴是坦克发动机的关键部件,其服役过程中经常出现由于磨损超差而导致凸轮失效的问题。采用激光熔覆技术实现了坦克凸轮轴的再制造。其中,采用分段调整扫描速度的措施,实现了熔覆层厚度的可控;采用边缘补偿措施,防止了边缘塌陷。提出的凸轮熔覆路径规划,其成形尺寸精度较高。再制造凸轮经磨削加工后满足几何尺寸要求,熔覆涂层组织致密,无裂纹和气孔等缺陷,涂层显微硬度达HV 700～750,满足凸轮轴图纸设计要求。     

铁基非晶纳米晶涂层的耐磨性研究

采用基于机器人的自动化高速电弧喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备了FeCrBSiMnNbY非晶纳米晶涂层。研究了非晶纳米晶涂层在油润滑条件下，不同磨损时间、速度、载荷对涂层的磨损行为。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱分析仪（EDAX）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对涂层的组织结构进行了表征，利用纳米压痕仪对涂层的力学性能进行了分析，摩擦磨损试验在MM200滑块磨损试验机上进行。结果表明：涂层组织均匀，结构致密，主要由非晶相和α-Fe相纳米晶组成；在相同磨损试验条件下，非晶纳米晶涂层的相对耐磨性为3Cr13涂层的4．6倍，磨损机制主要为脆性疲劳剥落。     

超音速微粒沉积Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr涂层的摩擦学性能

针对铝合金表面硬度低和易磨损的问题,采用超音速微粒沉积技术在5083铝合金表面制备了Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金涂层。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层微观形貌和物相组成进行了观察和分析,并对比测试了5083铝合金、Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金铸锭和涂层的显微硬度和摩擦学性能。结果表明:Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金涂层内部颗粒间存在冶金结合和机械嵌合2种结合方式,涂层与5083铝合金基体的结合方式为机械嵌合;涂层主要相组成为γ-Ti Al、α2-Ti3Al和β-Ti相;通过在5083铝合金表面制备Ti-45Al-7Nb-4Cr合金涂层,显微硬度提高4倍以上,磨损体积减少69%以上;涂层的磨损机理为磨料磨损和氧化磨损,具有较好的耐磨性能。     

热处理对FeCrNiCoCu高熵合金涂层的影响

采用自动化高速电弧喷涂技术,并结合FeCrNiCoCu粉芯丝材制备了高熵合金复合涂层,使用差示扫描量热法分析了涂层中非晶结构的转变温度.同时,对涂层进行了不同温度条件的热处理,研究了热处理前后涂层的组织结构、硬度及其磨损性能.结果显示:高熵合金涂层在500℃附近发生了非晶结构的晶化转变;热处理前涂层中主要含有CuNi、Fe3Ni2、Cr2Ni3等组成的面心立方结构固溶体和少量Fe3O4相,热处理后,氧化物Fe3O4峰强度随着加热温度的升高而增强,并且当温度超过500℃后,涂层中出现了Ni-Cr-Fe相;涂层的显微硬度随着热处理温度的升高而升高,在500℃出现最高值,涂层表现出了明显的回火硬化特征,耐磨损性能较热处理前的涂层有明显提高.     

高速电弧喷涂镍基非晶纳米晶复合涂层及其磨损性能研究

利用高速电弧喷涂技术在重载车辆18Cr2Ni4WA轴类基体上制备了NiCrBMoFe非晶纳米晶复合涂层.采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射仪和差热分析仪等设备对涂层的组织结构进行了分析,结果表明:涂层组织结构致密,与基体结合良好,主要由非晶相和γ-Ni(Cr)相纳米晶组成,非晶质量分数达到45％,且涂层具有良好的热稳定性.利用微动摩擦磨损试验机对涂层的磨损性能进行了研究,结果表明:涂层具有很好的耐磨性,相对耐磨性约是基体材料的8倍,远远超过了该轴的磨损要求,其失效机制主要为典型的脆性剥落磨损.     

FeAlCrNbB金属间化合物复合涂层的制备与表征

研究开发了一种FeAlCrNbB新型喷涂粉芯丝材,并结合自动化高速电弧喷涂工艺制备了该材料的复合涂层,分析了涂层的常规力学性能、组织结构和油润滑条件下的滑动摩擦磨损性能,并和常规FeAl涂层进行了对比。结果显示:FeAlCrNbB涂层具有相对较高的显微硬度和拉伸结合强度、低的孔隙率,组织致密,形成了由Fe-Al金属间化合物相、氧化物以及少量非晶和纳米晶组成的复合结构,由于这种复合结构的材料特征,使涂层具备较好的耐磨损性能。     

磁控溅射工艺对CrN基复合涂层微观结构及摩擦学性能的影响

采用闭合场非平衡磁控溅射技术在不锈钢基体上制备了不同质量分数Mo的CrMoN复合涂层。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDX）和光电子能谱仪（XPS）,系统分析了CrMoN复合涂层的相结构、表面形貌、成分、原子化合价价态等,结果表明：添加Mo后,CrMoN涂层的择优取向由CrN涂层的（220）转变为（200）,CrMoN涂层中的Mo原子取代了CrN晶格中的Cr原子,形成（Cr,Mo）N置换固溶体。采用Nano Test 600硬度测试仪测定了CrMoN复合涂层的纳米硬度,结果表明：由于CrN相和MoN两种硬相的协同作用,使得CrMoN复合涂层的纳米硬度值增大。采用多功能摩擦磨损试验机测定了CrN涂层及CrMoN复合涂层的摩擦因数,结果表明：CrMoN复合涂层的摩擦因数低于CrN涂层,磨损过程中由于摩擦热反应生成大量MoO3,使得复合膜的摩擦因数降低,起到了一定的润滑效果,降低了磨损量。     

Performance characterization of Ni60-WC coating on steel processed with supersonic laser deposition

Ni60-WC particles are used to improve the wear resistance of hard-facing steel due to their high hardness. An emerging technology that combines laser with cold spraying to deposit the hard-facing coatings is known as supersonic laser deposition. In this study, Ni60-WC is deposited on low-carbon steel using SLD. The microstructure and performance of the coatings are investigated through SEM, optical microscopy, EDS, XRD, microhardness and pin-on-disc wear tests. The experimental results of the coating processed with the optimal parameters are compared to those of the coating deposited using laser cladding.     

Influence of yttrium on microstructure and properties of Ni–Al alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding

Ni–Al alloy coatings with different Y additions are prepared on 45^# medium steel by laser cladding. The influence of Y contents on the microstructure and properties of Ni–Al alloy coatings is investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer, Vickers hardness tester, friction wear testing machine, and thermal analyzer. The results show that the cladding layers are mainly composed of NiAl dendrites, and the dendrites are gradually refined with the increase in Y additions. The purification effect of Y can effectively prevent Al₂O₃ oxide from forming. However, when the atomic percent of Y addition exceeds 1.5%, the extra Y addition will react with O to form Y₂O₃ oxide, even to form Al₅Y₃O₁₂ oxide, depending on the amount of Y added. The Y addition in a range of 1.5–3.5 at.% reduces the hardness and anti-attrition of cladding layer, but improves obviously its wear and oxidation resistances.     

喷丸强化对18Cr2Ni4WA渗碳钢性能的影响

采用强力喷丸工艺对渗碳18Cr2Ni4WA钢试样进行了表面喷丸强化处理。利用Nano Test 600纳米测试仪、2903X射线应力仪和TR200表面粗糙度仪，分别测试分析了试样处理前后的显微硬度、残余应力和表面粗糙度，并在JP-52接触疲劳试验机上考察了喷丸强化处理对渗碳18Cr2Ni4WA钢接触疲劳性能的影响。试验结果表明：渗碳试样经强力喷丸后，在0～0．50mm深的表层内形成一个喷丸硬化层，显微硬度提高了约1．1GPa；最大残余压应力由-478 MPa提高到-760 MPa；表面粗糙度由1．255μm降为0．979μm。接触疲劳特征寿命以与中值寿命L50均提高了2倍多，额定寿命L10提高了1倍多。     

几种坦克用钢氮离子注入强化试验

对10、38CrSi、20Cr2Ni4A等坦克用钢的氮离子注入强化进行了试验。结果表明:注入后的试样,硬度和相对耐磨性都有不同程度的提高。硬度的测试结果与试验载荷有关。     

激光制备多层结构的软质基底耐磨类金刚石膜

为提高金属铜软基底的耐磨、抗蚀能力，采用脉冲激光沉积技术制备了金属铜基底上的多层结构类金刚石保护膜；其中的碳化硅-类金刚石循环层避免了类金刚石膜层中内应力的累积，降低了功能类金刚石层破裂的风险，碳化硅持力层降低了软质铜基底与高硬度类金刚石层的硬度差，金属钛层则使得铜基底与上层碳化硅层牢固结合。实验测试表明，多层结构类金刚石保护膜在铜基底上附着牢固，可通过美军标MIL-48497A规定的重摩擦和国军标GJB150.5A-2009规定的高低温冲击试验，同时能够承受弱碱溶液的腐蚀；摩擦系数低、处于0.093以下，耐磨性能好、2 h摩擦未见磨痕。针对不同金属基底特性改进工艺，该技术可应用于存在腐蚀性环境中机械工具的抗磨保护膜。     

Microstructural characterization of silicon carbide reinforced dissimilar grade aluminium explosive clads

Aluminium composites are inevitable in ship building, commercial and defence aircrafts construction due to their light weight, high strength to weight ratio, admirable properties and cost affordability. In this study, the microstructural characteristics of explosive cladded dissimilar grade aluminium (Al 1100-A1 5052) clad composites reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) particles is presented. Microstructure taken at the interface by optical and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) revealed the formation of a silicon carbide layer between the dissimilar grade aluminium sheets. Though reaction layers were witnessed at few locations along the interface, the diffusion of atoms between the participant metals is not visible as confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy, elemental mapping, line analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The variation in microhardness at various regions of the silicon carbide reinforced dissimilar aluminium explosive clad is reported. The increase in tensile strength of the SiC laced clad is also presented.     

Effect of wire tension on different output responses during wire electric discharge machining on AISI 304 stainless steel

WEDM is used in machining conductive materials where it is required to obtained complicated and intricate shapes with high accuracy. Various applications are in the field of automobile, medical industries, aerospace etc. WEDM is an economical machining option with short product development cycle. Surface roughness, kerf width, Material removal rate, Recast layer hardness and surface microhardness in WEDM are most important responses. In this paper, effect of varied Wire tension on SR, KW, MRR, RCL hardness and surface microhardness on AISI 304 have been investigated. Pulse on time, pulse off time, current and dielectric fluid are taken as fixed parameter. Results show that Wire tension influences the SR, MRR and Surface microhardness and has no effect on kerf width in case of Stainless steel 304.     

Influence of high frequency pulse on electrode wear in micro-EDM

An electromagnetic coupling mathematical model is established by finite element method and is verified by the contrastive experiments of copper matrix Ni–TiN cylindrical coating electrode, copper electrode and Cu50W electrode. The wear mechanism of Ni–TiN/Cu composite electrode in the case of high-frequency pulse current is studied, and the influence of the fluctuation frequency of discharge current on electrode wear in micro-EDM is found out. Compared with the electrode made from homogeneous material, the high frequency electromagnetic properties of Ni–TiN composite layer can be used effectively to inhibit the effect of high frequency pulse on the electrode and improve the distribution trend of current density.