子母深弹反鱼雷攻击效能及仿真

火箭深弹是水面舰艇拦截鱼雷的常用武器,为提高火箭深弹拦截鱼雷的概率,提出了子母深弹的概念,将地面火炮中常用的子母弹技术应用于深弹反鱼雷攻击中,通过分析子母弹的散布特性,来比较子母深弹和火箭深弹毁伤鱼雷的效能,并通过Monte-Carlo法仿真了这一过程,分析了影响子母深弹的毁伤概率的因素。     

火箭深弹拦截鱼雷方法及作战过程

根据目前火箭深弹武器系统现状,应用模糊数学理论,提出水面舰艇拦截鱼雷射击参数的计算思路和拦截鱼雷射击组合方案,并据此首次提出使用火箭深弹拦截鱼雷作战过程及其方法,对武器装备的发展和新功能的开发研究,特别是对提高防御水下目标的生存概率,具有十分重要的指导意义.     

鱼雷航向估计模型的可信性

悬浮式深弹拦截鱼雷是大型水面舰艇水下防护作战的一种重要形式,其中估计来袭鱼雷的航向是实施拦截的关键。针对鱼雷航向的估计问题,引用基于相遇三角形原理的来袭鱼雷航向估计模型,分析了来袭鱼雷的可能航向角范围。采用数字仿真和仿真模型置信度的决策分析方法,对模型的可信性及其决策风险进行了量化分析。结果表明,该鱼雷航向估计模型可信,可为悬浮式深弹拦截鱼雷的作战训练、战法研讨及其仿真研究提供参考。     

悬浮式深弹在水面舰艇规避 尾流自导鱼雷作战中的应用研究*

针对传统对抗方法难以有效对抗尾流自导鱼雷这一问题,籍由悬浮式深弹拦截原理、在分析尾流自导鱼雷可能航向范围的基础上,建立悬浮式深弹作战使用等模型,对悬浮式深弹在水面舰艇规避尾流自导鱼雷中的作战使用问题进行了探讨。仿真结果表明:使用悬浮式深弹能有效地拦截尾流自导鱼雷,从而提高水面舰艇的生存能力。研究成果为研制新型反鱼雷装备、改进现有装备的战术技术性能提供了有价值的参考。     

悬浮式深弹拦截线导＋声自导鱼雷作战模型研究

水面舰艇如何使用悬浮式深弹拦截线导＋声自导鱼雷是舰艇防御鱼雷的重要问题之一。通过利用模糊数学知识将鱼雷报警距离分为近、中、远三个模糊区域，建立鱼雷报警距离隶属函数关系，预估鱼雷目标航向、航速等运动要素，最后建立了舰艇使用悬浮式深弹拦截线导＋声自导鱼雷策略模型；采用蒙特卡洛法通过计算机仿真，得出了悬浮式深弹在不同参数条件下拦截线导＋声自导鱼雷的概率。结果表明：舰艇进行规避机动其拦截概率可达32％～60％。     

舰载直升机拦截鱼雷的战术可行性研究

使用火箭深弹拦截是水面舰艇防御鱼雷的重要措施之一。为了进一步提高水面舰艇对鱼雷的防御作战能力,首次提出了舰载直升机使用航空深弹拦截鱼雷的战术设想。通过对战场态势的分析,建立了直升机拦截鱼雷的战术可行性判断模型,并通过仿真计算,对两种情况下舰载直升机拦截鱼雷的战术可行性进行了探讨。研究表明该战术设想是切实可行的。     

声纳主动工况下拦截弹作战模型与能力研究

根据鱼雷报警声纳主动工况能够探测鱼雷距离和方位的特点,提出了悬浮式拦截弹的布放时机、拦截提前量和布放间隔的确定和优化问题。在分析悬浮式拦截弹作战过程的基础上建立了目标运动参数的滤波解算模型、布阵参数解算模型以及作战能力仿真模型。运用蒙特卡洛法仿真计算了采取不同布阵参数对不同舷角来袭鱼雷的拦截概率。通过结果分析解决了布阵参数的优化问题,为提高鱼雷报警声纳主动工况下悬浮式拦截弹的作战能力提供了理论参考和建议。     

火箭悬浮深弹拦截尾流自导鱼雷研究

为了分析了水面舰艇发射火箭悬浮深弹拦截潜射尾流自导鱼雷的作战使用问题,首先,概括了潜射尾流自导鱼雷的攻击原理。其次,介绍了水面舰艇针对尾流自导鱼雷的弹道预测原理以及鱼雷提前角估算数学模型,在此基础上,进一步建立了火箭悬浮深弹拦截鱼雷的射击要素求解模型。最后,进行了仿真检验,归纳了火箭悬浮深弹射击提前角随相关参数变化的分布规律。研究结果对火箭悬浮深弹拦截潜射尾流自导鱼雷的作战使用具有指导意义。     

利用火箭深弹系统拦截鱼雷的技术改进方法探析

多功能、多用途是火箭深弹系统的主要发展方向之一。根据水面舰艇武器装备的实际,仅从拦截潜艇发射的鱼雷角度出发,对舰载火箭深弹系统拦截来袭鱼雷的可行性进行了分析。在此基础上,探讨了利用火箭深弹系统拦截鱼雷的系统选择、深弹战斗部的开发、引信选型、发射管安装及配置、火控系统的改进等关键问题,并提出了一些具体的改进方法。     

HTK反导拦截弹瞄准点的一种优化选取方法

为提高HTK反导拦截弹命中、杀伤目标的概率,针对传统防空导弹瞄准点选取方法的不足,从拦截弹对目标杀伤概率的影响因素及其与拦截弹瞄准点之间的关系出发,引入拦截弹弹道分布特性、弹目遭遇条件、目标易损性等作为瞄准点位置的影响因素,根据使拦截弹获得对目标最大杀伤概率的思路,推导并提出了通常条件下基于目标易损区边缘的瞄准点优化选取方法。算例仿真结果及对比分析表明,HTK拦截弹运用该方法选取优化瞄准点、提高对目标杀伤概率是有效、可行的。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.