D2D通信中能耗优化的分布式资源管理算法

端到端(D2D)通信技术近年来受到通信学术界的普遍关注,它绕过基站直接进行数据通信,可以减轻基站的负载,节省系统通信资源,提高系统性能和用户体验。然而,D2D通信技术也带来了一些棘手的资源管理问题,例如,如何进行模式选择以调度使用系统链路资源、抑制蜂窝用户和D2D用户之间的相互干扰,如何进行功率控制以满足用户需求等等。文章分析了多用户D2D通信系统的链路共享机制和用户功率分配策略,为提升系统中各用户的能效性能,基于联盟形成博弈和非合作博弈提出了对应的分布式资源管理方案和算法。最后,通过数值仿真,验证了所提方案和算法的有效性,相比最初的资源使用策略,所提分布式方案和算法能够给用户带来明显的性能增益。     

基于时隙和功率分配的联合优化算法

能效是支持设备到设备通信（device-to-device,D2D）的蜂窝网络的关键性能。在每个D2D群内有一个发射设备和两个接收设备。发射设备从基站广播的信号采集能量,再利用所采集的能量向接收设备传输数据。提出基于时隙和功率分配的联合优化算法（joint time and power allocation optimization,JTAO）。通过优化采集能量和传输数据的时隙以及发射功率,最大化能效。发射设备采用非正交多址接入技术,降低用户间干扰。性能分析表明,通过优化发射设备的传输功率,提升用户能效。     

采用随机几何工具的终端直通通信接入控制方法

针对现有具备终端直通（Device-to-Device, D2D）功能的蜂窝网络的干扰管理问题，提出一种新型的采用随机几何工具的D2D通信接入控制方法。利用随机过程理论以及随机几何工具建立模型分析邻近基站和D2D通信对蜂窝通信的影响，并推导蜂窝业务接入失败概率表达式。基于该表达式能够计算网络允许的最大D2D用户密度，辅助D2D通信接入控制实现干扰管理。仿真证明基于所提数值计算方法获得的估计结果与蒙特卡洛仿真结果相符，且通过合理限制D2D用户密度和D2D用户发射功率可满足指定的蜂窝业务接入失败概率要求。     

基于D2D高速传输的本地缓存共享系统

为解决移动网络中存在的海量视频数据重复传输的问题,基于设备直连技术设计了一种本地缓存共享系统.在系统设计中,综合考虑视频对用户的吸引程度异构性和不完全的分享意愿,利用泊松点理论对移动数据特征进行了建模分析.在服务供应商和网络用户之间,考虑社交关系,针对资源分享建立了交易模型.实验结果表明,D2D本地缓存系统可以有效降低数据传输延迟,提高供应者的服务质量和网络视频用户的满意度.     

卫星移动通信上行链路的同频信道干扰抑制

针对多波束天线的采用给卫星移动通信链路带来的同频信道干扰的问题,提出了同信道波束消除方法来抑制干扰。该方法无需参考信号,适用于相控阵天线和多波束天线系统,仿真结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

一种基于最小生成树的无线多跳网络信道分配算法

为提高无线多跳网络的吞吐量和传输可靠性,提出一种信道分配算法。该算法优先考虑最小生成树上的可用信道,为每个节点分配信道资源;然后考虑利用生成树外其他可用链路,为节点提供信道资源,以提高吞吐量。算法通过考虑每个用户的通信需求,可以充分利用空闲信道资源。仿真结果显示,相比于不考虑最小生成树外链路时,有效地提高了网络整体吞吐量。     

卷积编码多序列跳频及抗部分频带干扰性能分析

差分跳频(DFH)中用户数据对频率选择的约束性较弱。对此提出一种卷积编码的多序列跳频(CC-MSFH)系统,无需对发送信号进行调制,长度为N的编码数据分组从一簇2N个正交跳频序列中选出某个序列,并在该序列的当前频率上发送单频信号。相比DFH,CC-MSFH保持了信号健壮性,又使发送频率受跳频序列的强约束,因此,可以采用窄带接收来抑制异频干扰。计算和分析表明,在瑞利衰落信道中,CC-MSFH能够有效对抗部分频带干扰,在小信干比下误码率明显低于DFH。     

基于节约训练时隙的多中继协作通信分段信道估计

在多中继放大转发协作通信系统中,针对分段信道估计时需要增加额外的时隙来发送训练序列的问题,提出一种节约训练时隙的分段信道估计方法。该方法结合预编码技术和半盲信道估计技术,在源节点对数据序列进行预编码,使其与训练序列正交后叠加,在中继节点进行预编码,使不同中继间的训练序列彼此正交,进而估计出每条链路的信道信息值。仿真结果表明,提出的方法只需占用1个训练时隙,并可有效获取S→R链路和R→D链路每段链路的信道信息,且R→D链路的平均MSE估计性能比S→R链路大约有5 dB的优势,提高了系统的传输效率。     

一种吞吐量优化的无人机飞行轨迹规划算法

基于无人机(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle,UAV)协作通信已成为满足下一代蜂窝用户需求的有效技术.UAV的飞行轨迹对通信服务质量有直接影响.为此,提出吞吐量优化的UAV飞行轨迹规划(UAV Trajectory Planning to Maximize Throughput,TPMT)算法.TPMT算法以最大化用户与UAV通信链路的吞吐量为目标函数,并通过求解目标函数规划UAV的飞行轨迹.先构建用户与UAV的信道模型,再建立最大化吞吐量的目标函数,然后,引用混合优化算法GASimplex求解目标函数.仿真结果表明,提出的TPMT算法能够快速收敛,并提高了吞吐量.     

无人机辅助通信网络中基于强化学习的用户速率优化算法

无人机辅助地面蜂窝基站,形成混合的通信网络有望成为提升用户速率的一种重要手段。针对无人机辅助基站的通信网络,提出基于多臂赌博机的用户速率优化算法（multi-armed bandits-based rate optimization,MBRO）。先建立联合优化问题,再分别利用改进后K-means聚类算法和多臂赌博机算法求解。MBRO算法利用K-means聚类算法实现无人机的部署,并利用多臂赌博机算法完成信道分配和无人机的传输功率分配。仿真结果表明,相比于同类的基准算法,MBRO算法提高用户端速率。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.