战场抢修力量建设与准备的思考

战场抢修是战时维修保障能力和战斗力的重要组成部分,它的成功与否关系到战争的胜负。笔者论述了战场抢修研究的必要性、迫切性,分析了战场损伤与抢修的特点及其对保障的要求,明确了战场抢修与平时维修的区别,提出了关于战场抢修力量建设与准备的几点建议。     

广义随机Petri网的装备战场抢修建模与分析

将广义随机Petri网(GSPN)的基本理论应用于装备战场抢修系统的建模与分析,考虑装备战场抢修过程中的各种因素,采用Petri网与马尔可夫理论相结合的装备战场抢修系统性能分析方法,为装备战场抢修系统性能的有效评估提供了理论依据.通过实例验证,该方法可用于分析装备抢修系统的时间性能和运作效率,为机关决策层提供参考.     

抢救抢修方案复杂性测度的图熵模型

分析了以往抢修方案评估的不足,提出了战场抢救抢修方案复杂性概念。并分析了用复杂性抢救抢修方案的可行性。引入软件工程领域的图熵模型,从微观方面研究战场抢救抢修方案实施过程中的复杂性问题,从信息量、逻辑、结构、系统知识层次及决策分析5个方面进行量化,明确了信息控制图、动作控制图、知识层次图及决策分析图的构建方法,较好地解决了战场抢救抢修方案实施复杂性的测度问题,实例验证该方法在一定程度上可以反映应急抢修方案的复杂程度,能为抢救抢修方案的评估优化,以及评估训练等方面提供一定的帮助。     

无电焊接中厚度钢板焊接接头的组织结构与性能研究

采用无电焊接方法对12mm厚度钢板进行了焊接。分析了满足中厚度钢板焊接能量要求的技术途径;利用SEM,EDS,XRD等手段观察、分析了焊缝的组织成分与显微结构;测试了焊接接头的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、显微硬度等力学性能。结果表明:在选择高放热体系基础上,通过增大焊接笔直径、减小反应物料粒径、提高压坯密度等方法,可以有效增大焊接热效率,从而满足中厚度钢板焊接能量需求;焊缝组织分为热影响区、熔合区与合金区,焊缝合金与母材间通过熔合区形成了冶金结合;焊接接头因固溶强化和析晶强化的作用,具有良好的力学性能,拉伸强度、平均显微硬度与弯曲强度分别为357MPa、186HV0.2与644MPa,达到了野战应急抢修技术要求。     

提高焊接药筒焊缝质量途径的探讨

焊接钢质药筒是一种不需要大型压力设备,制作方法比较简单的钢质药筒。保证焊接钢质药筒焊缝质量是药筒强度性能的要求。而药筒环焊缝热裂纹的产生严重影响药筒的强度。因而就焊接钢质药筒环焊缝产生的原因及如何提高焊缝质量,确保药筒在射击时不发生火药气体烧蚀火炮药室等质量问题作了一些探讨。     

燃烧型焊条焊接A3钢的研究

基于燃烧合成技术的燃烧机理,结合焊接母材的材质,制备可用于手工施焊的燃烧型焊条焊接A3钢。对焊接试件进行力学性能测试和金相分析,结果表明:焊接试件的结合方式为冶金结合,焊缝合金在细晶强化和弥散强化的作用下,试件的抗拉强度(σb)达到370 MPa,抗弯强度(σf)达到1 100 MPa,成功实现了燃烧型焊条对A3钢的焊接。     

美军战场抢修能力建设及其对我军的启示

对美军战场抢修能力建设的基本态势从保障理论、工装研制、资源配置及人员训练4个方面进行探讨,提出了可供我军借鉴的先进理念和成功做法,并结合目前我军军用装备战场抢修能力建设的总体现状,对我军战场抢修能力建设提出了研发在先、提升跟进、加速培养的应对策略及发展建议。     

浅谈美军的战场抢修

战伤评估与修理(BDAR)(也称战场抢修)是指在战场上运用应急诊断与修理技术,迅速地对装备进行评估并根据需要快速修理战伤部位,使武器装备能够完成某项预定任务或实施自救的活动。美军真正开始重视战场抢修是近20多年的事情,第4次中东战争可以说是美国现代战场抢修发展的转折点。在那次战争中,以色列军队在头18小时内就有约77%的坦克丧失了战斗力,但是由于有效地实施了大量靠前修理(即维修装备和人员在战场实施就地抢修,而不是将损伤装备后送),失去战斗能力的坦克在不到24小时内就有80%恢复了战斗力,有些坦克甚至损坏-修复达5次之多,甚至在…     

装备战场抢修任务优先度排序决策研究

装备战场抢修任务的执行受战场环境、任务属性、保障条件的综合约束,科学的优先度排序决策能够充分利用抢修资源,提高装备战场抢修保障效能.首先从抢修保障对象属性和保障条件角度综合构建装备战场抢修优先度排序决策指标体系,并给出指标的相关定义与说明.其次考虑到指标权重的重要性,提出一种采用综合主客观权重的改进TOPSIS方法用于...     

装备战场抢修研究现状及对策

分析了装备战场抢修研究的发展现状,论述了系统研究战场抢修理论的必要性,并明确了战场损伤及战场抢修的定又、战场抢修研究的主要内容。根据我军实情,提出了关于我军开展装备战场抢修的一些建议。     

碱性焊条药皮处理条件对焊缝金属扩散氢影响的研究

对降低手工焊条熔敷金属扩散氢的研究多是从原材料及冶金方面考虑的,在工艺上则统一要求焊条烘干后立即使用.这样,焊条从出厂到被使用过程中总会被烘干2～3次,这种重复烘干对扩散氢的影响尚未有人探讨过.针对这种情况,研究了碱性焊条在不同药皮处理条件(主要是烘干次数不同)下焊缝金属中的扩散氢.试验结果及分析表明,经重复烘干─吸潮─烘干处理后,焊条药皮中吸水性强的Na+吸水行为受到限制,从而熔敷金属中的扩散氢显著降低.     

Fabrication and analysis of TIG welding-brazing butt joints of in-situ TiB2/7050 composite and TA2

Lightweight hybrid structures of Al MMCs and titanium alloy dissimilar materials have great prospect in the defence industry application. So, it is necessary to join Al MMCs with Ti metal to achieve this structural design. In this work, in-situ TiB2/7050 composite and TA2 were firstly attempted to join by TIG welding-brazing technique. The result was that the intact welding-brazing butt joint was successfully fabricated. The joint presents dual characteristics, being a brazing on TA2 side and a welding on TiB2/7050 side. At brazing joint side, ER4043 filler metal effectively wets on TA2 under TIG heating condition, and a continuous interfacial reaction layer with 1—3μm is formed at welded metal/TA2 interface. The whole interfacial reaction layers are composed of Ti(AlSi)3 intermetallic compounds (IMCs), but their morphologies at the different regions present obvious distinguishes. The microhardness of the reaction layers is as much as 141—190 HV. At welding joints side, the fusion zone appears the equixaed crystal structure, and the grain sizes are much smaller than those of welded metal, which is attributed to the effect of TiB2 particulates from the melted TiB2/7050 on acceleration formation and inhibiting growth for the new crystal nucleus. The tensile test results show that average tensile strength of the optimal welding-brazing joint is able to achieve 138 MPa. The failure of the tensile joint occurs by quasi-cleavage pattern, and the cracks initiate from the IMCs layer at the groove surface of TA2 and propagate into the welded metal.     

微区脉冲电阻堆焊修复冷作模具研究

应用GM—3450(B)型工模具修补机及多种合金粉末,对冷作模具的棱边磨损或崩塌进行了修复试验,方便地实现了微区脉冲电阻堆焊.对修复部位进行了金相和SEM分析.证明这种修复技术具有结合强度高、HAZ小、无变形、无裂纹的特点,为冷作模具修复提供了一种新技术.     

烟火药剂在新型焊接技术中的应用

介绍了烟火药焊接技术的发展,设计了一种在新型焊接技术中使用的高能烟火点火药剂配方,并对其点火效率和燃烧性能进行了实验研究,研究结果表明,新配方高能点火药的点火效率远远高于黑火药,保证了以高热剂为主要能源的新型燃烧型焊条的可靠快速引燃。     

不同截面形状复合长杆弹对陶瓷复合靶板侵彻研究

采用数值模拟技术研究了由3种不同截面形状的钨芯外包覆一层钢,形成的钢包覆层复合长杆弹在入射速度为1200m/s～1700m/s时对陶瓷/金属复合靶板的侵彻过程。结果表明:对于同一入射速度、相同弹体长度、同种材料的弹芯和包覆层以及靶板材料而言,等面积的六边形截面钨芯复合长杆弹的侵彻深度明显大于圆形及方形截面,方形及六边形截面与和它们等外接圆形成的圆形截面复合长杆弹侵彻深度没有明显差别,本研究认为这是与不同截面钨芯的外接圆直径直接相关。六边形截面长杆弹侵彻过程中的自锐化现象是其侵彻深度明显大于其它两种弹体的主要原因。     

Multiobjective optimization of friction welding of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel

The present study is to optimize the process parameters for friction welding of duplex stainless steel(DSS UNS S32205).Experiments were conducted according to central composite design.Process variables,as inputs of the neural network,included friction pressure,upsetting pressure,speed and burn-off length.Tensile strength and microhardness were selected as the outputs of the neural networks.The weld metals had higher hardness and tensile strength than the base material due to grain refinement which caused failures away from the joint interface during tensile testing.Due to shorter heating time,no secondary phase intermetallic precipitation was observed in the weld joint.A multi-layer perceptron neural network was established for modeling purpose.Five various training algorithms,belonging to three classes,namely gradient descent,genetic algorithm and LevenbergeM arquardt,were used to train artificial neural network.The optimization was carried out by using particle swarm optimization method.Confirmation test was carried out by setting the optimized parameters.In conformation test,maximum tensile strength and maximum hardness obtained are 822 MPa and 322 Hv,respectively.The metallurgical investigations revealed that base metal,partially deformed zone and weld zone maintain austenite/ferrite proportion of 50:50.     

Effect of fusion welding processes on tensile properties of armor grade,high thickness,non-heat treatable aluminium alloy joints

AA5059 is one of the high strength armor grade aluminium alloy that finds its applications in the military vehicles due to the higher resistance against the armor piercing (AP) threats. This study aimed at finding the best suitable process among the fusion welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) by evaluating the tensile properties of AA5059 aluminium alloy joints. The fracture path was identified by mapping the low hardness distribution profile (LHDP) across the weld cross section under tensile loading. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the microstructural features of the welded joints at various zones. It is evident from the results that GTAW joints showed superior tensile properties compared to GMAW joints and this is primarily owing to the presence of finer grains in the weld metal zone (WMZ) and narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ). The lower heat input associated with the GTAW process effectively reduced the size of the WMZ and HAZ compared to GMAW process. Lower heat input of GTAW process results in faster cooling rate which hinders the grain growth and reduces the evaporation of magnesium in weld metal compared to GMAW joints. The fracture surface of GTAW joint consists of more dimples than GMAW joints which is an indication that the GTAW joint possess improved ductility than GMAW joint.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of interface properties of Ti6Al4V/CP-Ti/Copper composite plate prepared by explosive welding

Explosive welding technique is widely used in many industries. This technique is useful to weld different kinds of metal alloys that are not easily welded by any other welding methods. Interlayer plays an important role to improve the welding quality and control energy loss during the collision process. In this paper, the Ti6Al4V plate was welded with a copper plate in the presence of a commercially pure titanium interlayer. Microstructure details of welded composite plate were observed through optical and scanning electron microscope. Interlayer-base plate interface morphology showed a wavy structure with solid melted regions inside the vortices. Moreover, the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis in the interlayer-base interface reveals that there are some identified regions of different kinds of chemical equilibrium phases of Cu–Ti, i.e. CuTi, Cu₂Ti, CuTi₂, Cu₄Ti, etc. To study the mechanical properties of composite plates, mechanical tests were conducted, including the tensile test, bending test, shear test and Vickers hardness test. Numerical simulation of explosive welding process was performed with coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic method, Euler and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. The multi-physics process of explosive welding, including detonation, jetting and interface morphology, was observed with simulation. Moreover, simulated plastic strain, temperature and pressure profiles were analysed to understand the welding conditions. Simulated results show that the interlayer base plate interface was created due to the high plastic deformation and localized melting of the parent plates. At the collision point, both alloys behave like fluids, resulting in the formation of a wavy morphology with vortices, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Experimental investigation of Tie6Ale4V titanium alloy and 304L stainless steel friction welded with copper interlayer

The basic principle of friction welding is intermetallic bonding at the stage of super plasticity attained with self-generating heat due to friction and finishing at upset pressure. Now the dissimilar metal joints are especially popular in defense, aerospace, automobile, bio-medical,refinery and nuclear engineerings. In friction welding, some special alloys with dual phase are not joined successfully due to poor bonding strength. The alloy surfaces after bonding also have metallurgical changes in the line of interfacing. The reported research work in this area is scanty. Although the sound weld zone of direct bonding between Tie6Ale4 V and SS304 L was obtained though many trials, the joint was not successful. In this paper, the friction welding characteristics between Tie6Ale4 V and SS304 L into which pure oxygen free copper(OFC) was introduced as interlayer were investigated. Boxe Behnken design was used to minimize the number of experiments to be performed. The weld joint was analyzed for its mechanical strength. The highest tensile strength between Tie6Ale4 V and SS304 L between which pure copper was used as insert metal was acquired. Micro-structural analysis and elemental analysis were carried out by EDS, and the formation of intermetallic compound at the interface was identified by XRD analysis.