运用对抗演练法评估边防战术训练初探

战术对抗演练是战术训练的重要方法，已在边防部队实战技能训练中得到广泛运用。侧重挖掘的是战术对抗演练在边防战术训练中的另一个重要作用，即评估战术训练水平的作用，着重从对抗演练法评估边防战术训练的必要性、运用的基本思路及应注意的问题三个方面进行论述。     

面向ACTD的主战坦克战法仿真方法及应用

主战坦克在论证研制阶段开展战场运用的战法研究,对于其定型和列装意义重大.提出一种基于CGF的战法仿真方法,并建立相应的战法仿真模型.最后,利用所研制的仿真系统,结合新型主战坦克的一种新战法进行了实例研究,并针对结果进行分析.该思路及仿真系统为新型主战坦克战法研究提供了简便高效的手段,可以满足面向先期概念演示验证中战法研究的需要.     

Fighting on Their Own Terms: The Tactics of the Irish Republican Army 1919-1921

Abstract

The 1919-1921 Anglo-Irish War represents one of the earliest instances of a successful insurgent movement in the twentieth century. By combining a fluid organizational structure with effective hit-and-run tactics and accurate intelligence, the Irish Republican Army was able to defeat militarily the security forces of Great Britain. Combined with a successful propaganda campaign, these tactics allowed the IRA to drive the British to the negotiating table, where its representatives secured greater autonomy than Ireland had known in centuries. The outcome of the Anglo-Irish War demonstrates the success which a well-organized guerrilla campaign can achieve, and the tactics used by the IRA must therefore be understood by any serious student of small warfare.     

基于截获概率耦合模型研究舰载雷达反卫星侦察方法

针对舰载雷达面临的电子情报卫星威胁,通过分析雷达副瓣电平,评估电子情报卫星截获能力,构建截获概率耦合模型,提出了电磁静默的反侦察方法。通过仿真证实了多情况下电磁静默时间与截获概率的耦合关系,试验结果表明该理论优化后的电磁静默战术可较好的满足舰载雷达反电子情报卫星的作战需求。     

陆军战斗决心方案评估方法研究

战斗决心方案评估是陆军指挥员及指挥机关组织战斗过程中的一项重要工作。研究评估方法为陆军部队行动选择战斗决心方案提供依据。对战斗决心方案的评估，根据决心方案的战术手段、作战目标选择、战斗部署等三项主要内容，建立评估指标体系和评估数学模型，得出综合评估结果。该量化分析的评估方法提高了决策的精确性。     

Suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) as an information duel

Blue strike aircraft enter region ? to attack Red targets. In Case 1, Blue conducts (preplanned) SEAD to establish air superiority. In the (reactive) SEAD scenario, which is Case 2, such superiority is already in place, but is jeopardized by prohibitive interference from Red, which threatens Blue's ability to conduct missions. We utilize both deterministic and stochastic models to explore optimal tactics for Red in such engagements. Policies are developed which will guide both Red's determination of the modes of operation of his engagement radar, and his choice of Blue opponent to target next. An index in the form of a simple transaction kill ratio plays a major role throughout. Published 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 49: 723–742, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/nav.10046     

空战模型研究

本文论述了空战一般作战模式厦空战构模特点,并具体构造了一个集团军作战规模的训练用空战模型。利用该模型对不同空战编队的作战效果进行了计算,其结果可用干战术分析。     

坦克实体智能机动路径模型

根据坦克机动作战的一般原则,首先对影响坦克实体机动的因素进行了分析和合理的假设;充分考虑战术模拟中的实际情况,将数字地图中各点间的空间距离转化为以各点间机动时间为权边的网图,通过求任意两点间的最短距离的方法,建立坦克实体机动最短时间路径的数学模型。并给出了人工智能算法,把问题求解过程简化,从而解决战术模拟系统中智能机动中的路径选择问题。     

灭火救援过程中撤离战术应用研究

结合公安消防部队灭火救援工作实际,对照以往消防部队在灭火救援过程中对撤离战术应用的情况,指出了撤离战术应用需要提高思想认识,加强战术训练,科学预测风险,准确判断时机和合理选择撤离方式,并阐述了在灭火救援过程撤离战术的应用方法。     

Target selection in lanchester combat: Heterogeneous forces and time-dependent attrition-rate coefficients

We develop solutions to two fire distribution problems for a homogeneous force in Lanchester combat against heterogeneous enemy forces. The combat continues over a period of time with a choice of tactics available to the homogeneous force and subject to change with time. In these idealized combat situations the lethality of each force's fire (as expressed by the Lanchester attrition-rate coefficient) depends upon time. Optimal fire distribution rules are developed through the combination of Lanchester-type equations for combat attrition and deterministic optimal control theory (Pontryagin maximum principle). Additionally, the theory of state variable inequality constraints is used to treat the nonnegativity of force levels. The synthesis of optimal fire distribution policies was facilitated by exploiting special mathematical structures in these problems.     

Optimal resource allocation and redistribution strategy in military conflicts with Lanchester square law attrition

We address the problem of optimal decision‐making in conflicts based on Lanchester square law attrition model where a defending force needs to be partitioned optimally, and allocated to two different attacking forces of differing strengths and capabilities. We consider a resource allocation scheme called the Time Zero Allocation with Redistribution (TZAR) strategy, where allocation is followed by redistribution of defending forces, on the occurrence of certain decisive events. Unlike previous work on Lanchester attrition model based tactical decision‐making, which propose time sequential tactics through an optimal control approach, the present article focuses on obtaining simpler resource allocation tactics based on a static optimization framework, and demonstrates that the results obtained are similar to those obtained by the more complex dynamic optimal control solution. Complete solution for this strategy is obtained for optimal partitioning of resources of the defending forces. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

第四代歼击机空战战术决策研究

根据第四代歼击机的作战能力,分析了空战过程中可能存在的三种态势,提出了影响第四代歼击机空战战术的重要因素。结合影响因素进行了模糊决策讨论,基于模糊神经网络的方法完成了空战决策系统的设计,并通过神经网络的训练,确定了模糊决策网络。最后,通过仿真验证,表明决策系统实际输出与期望结果是一致的,决策结果是准确的,能够为决策者根据战场态势进行决策提供参考,缩短了决策时间,提高了指挥决策效能。     

联合作战的远程火力战法动态分析方法*

用定量动态分析方法开发远程火力战法是联合作战规划中必须解决的重要问题。借助仿真和博弈分析的混合方法,在对博弈效用函数计算的基础上,构建基于识别真目标、假目标以及火力命中目标概率的二人非零和(TPNZS)非合作博弈模型来开发远程火力战法动态分析方法,对两个典型的联合作战远程火力打击战法性能的初步动态分析表明:战场势态的动态变化直接影响定量规划最优战法的结果。     

基于战法仿真综合集成研讨厅的专家行为研究

针对战法仿真实验的复杂性及其仿真可信度要求,结合基于战法仿真实验的综合集成研讨厅平台,分析了专家在战法仿真实验中的地位和作用,研究提出了仿真实验中专家的行为要求和规范,为基于战法仿真综合集成研讨厅的创新应用提供了理论和方法。经应用证明,该方法可以有效地提高战法仿真过程的透明度和仿真实验结果的可信度。具有很强的适应性和实用性。     

The danger of “hybrid warfare” from a sophisticated adversary: the Russian “hybridity” in the Ukrainian conflict

The term “hybrid warfare” is a new one that the West began to use to explain its failure to cope with asymmetric threats. Focusing on the war on global terrorism, the West temporarily withdrew its attention from traditional adversaries, such as Russia, which has used this gap and has audaciously returned to the stage as a global actor. Until the Russian annexation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014 and inflaming the Ukrainian crisis, most Western authors attributed “hybrid threats” mostly to non-state actors. But the Ukrainian scenario showed the true face of “hybridity” in the modern battlefield when practised by a powerful state actor. Russian “hybrid warfare” in Ukraine has already been seen as a combination of conventional and unconventional methods, that have been complemented with other instruments of national power – diplomatic, economic and information. The purpose of this article is, through an analysis of the Ukrainian scenario, to demonstrate that although the term “hybrid” is new, the concept itself is old and is a continuation of already seen doctrine from the Cold War era. Although “hybrid threats” can come both from state and non-state actors, the Russian interference in Ukraine is proof that they are especially dangerous for the West if, or when, they are initiated from a traditional, sophisticated adversary that has the capacity to use all forms of warfare.     

C~3I 系统中基于多目标决策理论的对空攻击任务分配决策问题研究

根据多目标决策理论,从系统的角度出发,提出了防御权系数问题,并在此基础上研究对空攻击任务的分配策略,给出了效度最大攻击任务分配策略和重点防护目标优先攻击任务分配策略,并引入攻击强度阀值概念,对这两种分配策略进行了改进,最后给出了具体算法。     

Xunzi on the Role of the Military in a Well-Ordered State

Chapter 15 of the Xunzi stands as the most comprehensive account of the early Confucian analysis of warfare. Unlike a range of other early, non-Confucian discussions on warfare, particular strategies and tactics are taken to be of secondary importance. Thus, Xunzi refuses to discuss practical military strategy without framing it within a much broader ethical, social, and political context. On his account, a well-ordered, flourishing state necessarily rests upon a particular set of rituals and social norms in which people can cultivate themselves morally. Such a state has nothing to fear from any enemy, no matter how tactically sophisticated or militarily skilled. To many, such a view seems overly optimistic. However, given that Xunzi is anything but Pollyannaish in other parts of the text and is quite pessimistic about human nature in general, it behooves us to dig a bit more deeply into his ideas about military affairs and examine whether they can be understood in a more plausible light. This article provides a reading of Xunzi’s views on military affairs that is internally consistent and corresponds with Xunzi’s broader ethical and political views, while also showing why someone of Xunzi’s obvious intellectual acumen might hold such a view.     

履带车辆动力性计算的数学模型

以发动机动力特性计算式为基础,推导出履带车辆动力性参数计算的数学模型,为今后履带车辆设计,以及动力性能的工程计算分析提供了数学方法,并通过计算机编程对某型车辆进行了计算,结果表明该方法具有较高的准确度和工程实用性。     

直升机单机等距螺旋应召搜潜效能模型与仿真

等距螺旋法是直升机应召反潜中常用的搜潜样式。潜艇位置误差及航速误差对螺旋搜潜概率及搜潜战术运用具有显著影响。依据研究问题的逻辑关系,分别建立了潜艇速度散布模型和等距螺旋搜潜效能模型,运用蒙特卡罗法对直升机应召螺旋搜潜效能进行分析评估。实例验证了模型的可信度,提出了存在潜艇速度误差条件下,延迟时间和预估航速的改变对于搜潜效能的影响。     

侵彻子母弹对跑道封锁概率与打击效果评估

现代战争中为取得制空权使用侵彻子母弹对敌方的机场跑道进行攻击是一种有效的战术手段.如何有效地规划打击方案是指挥员所关心的问题.就此建立了相关的数学模型,研究使用侵彻子母弹对跑道打击的封锁概率和弹头有效率问题.还讨论了在使用卫星遥感影像检测跑道上弹坑存在误差条件下,对目标打击效果评估准确性的问题.并使用仿真方法,综合上述因素,对封锁跑道的多种战术技术组合条件做了实验,给出了定量的计算结果,为打击方案的设计提供了理论依据.