C4ISR系统与仿真应用互操作研究

分析了实现C4ISR 系统与仿真应用互操作的主要技术难点,以JCOS C4I网关为实例,说明了当前实现的C4ISR系统与仿真应用互操作的极端复杂性和高成本.提出了实现C4ISR系统与仿真应用完全互操作的一个可行的办法就是开发互操作技术参考模型(TRM),定义两者共同遵守的技术标准.以C4ISR-Sim互操作TRM为例,介绍了当前开发的一些技术参考模型.论述了开发技术参考模型的一些基本原则.     

C3I仿真测试系统的可视化技术

作为C3I仿真系统的重要组成部分,目前指控信息及战场实时状态信息的可视化已在大多数C3I仿真系统中得到一定程度的实现.对C3I仿真测试系统的系统组成和数据结构做了简要的介绍,并根据对C3I仿真测试系统以及其中仿真测试数据特点的研究,分析了仿真测试系统的可视化范围,主要对系统拓扑可视化、仿真测试过程可视化和仿真测试结果可视化进行了分析研究,并对需要解决关键技术问题进行了比较深入的分析探讨,同时提出C3I仿真测试系统的一种可视化解决方案.     

C3I系统仿真及仿真环境研究

首先讨论了C3I系统开发中存在的问题并提出解决这些问题的重要性,然后从C3I系统描述模型和仿真环境两个方面,介绍了国内外对于C3I系统仿真的研究现状和发展趋势.最后介绍了我们正在研制的基于对象Petri网的仿真演示环境的特点以及设计和实现方法.     

C3I系统效能仿真方法及环境研究

采用面向对象的方法和离散事件仿真技术,探讨了C3I系统效能仿真方法,并介绍了C3I系统效能仿真环境的设计思想。该环境能够支持多种模型的集成仿真,并易于扩展和扩充。     

C3I系统在装甲作战仿真中的应用

C3I系统仿真和作战仿真由于应用的侧重点不同,难以彼此兼顾,这种现状难以符合现代作战样式的要求.结合装甲作战仿真训练系统和C3I仿真系统的特点,探讨了装甲作战仿真系统与C3I仿真系统之间接口的建立和C3I系统的指挥控制、辅助决策及二维态势等主要功能的实现.两个系统的有机结合促进了装甲作战仿真系统和C3I系统的进一步深入研究和应用.     

C4ISR/M&S互操作HLA仿真设施

基于仿真互操作标准组织(Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization,SISO)C4ISR/M&S互操作技术参考模型和高层体系结构(High Level Architecture,HLA),C4ISR/M&S互操作HLA仿真设施为架构仿真系统运行体系提出了面向方面框架(Aspect Oriented Framework,AOF)和应用服务平台的技术.AOF能控制C4ISR/M&S互操作所引起的仿真系统结构复杂化,应用服务平台则能丰富仿真系统的运行环境,仿真设施可作为仿真系统通用运行体系的基础组件,支持复杂互操作系统开发.     

C4ISR/M&S互操作HLA仿真设施

基于仿真互操作标准组织(Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization,SISO)C4ISR/M&S互操作技术参考模型和高层体系结构(High Level Architecture,HLA),C4ISR/M&S互操作HLA仿真设施为架构仿真系统运行体系提出了面向方面框架(Aspect Oriented Framework,AOF)和应用服务平台的技术.AOF能控制C4ISR/M&S互操作所引起的仿真系统结构复杂化,应用服务平台则能丰富仿真系统的运行环境,仿真设施可作为仿真系统通用运行体系的基础组件,支持复杂互操作系统开发.     

C3I/M&S互操作性研究

结合C3I/M&S互操作性的主要问题,总结了互操作性技术参考模型,在此基础上对C3I/M&S互操作性的数据模型及标准、接口标准进行了详细论述,介绍了北约C3I/SIM互操作性试验情况,并指出了未来C3I/M&S互操作性研究的发展趋势,对军队C3I系统和仿真系统的建设有一定的指导意义.     

HLA在C3I系统仿真中的应用

首先介绍了C3I系统仿真的特点,以及高层系统结构HLA的思想,并对其在C3I系统仿真中的应用作了初步的讨论     

C~3I仿真系统的设计原则与方法

本文以一个正在设计开发的C3I作战效能仿真演示系统为背景 ,概括了C3I仿真系统的设计原则 ,提出从仿真环境设计和仿真系统设计两个方面进行C3I仿真系统的开发。在此基础上 ,本文提出了一种基于Petri网的面向对象模型描述语言OPDL ,设计了支持OPDL语言建模、执行、演示的仿真环境 ,并给出了C3I作战效能仿真演示系统的总体结构。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.