气相色谱-原子发射光谱法检测污水中的VX及其降解产物

用毛细管气相色谱－微波等离子体原子发射光谱检测被提取的化合物,结果发现,中性萃取得到了ＶＸ原体和Ｎ,Ｎ－二异丙基氨基乙硫醇及二硫化合物;碱性萃取也得到了Ｎ,Ｎ－二异丙基氨基乙硫醇,蒸干其残渣,发现甲基膦酸乙酯;酸性萃取未发现ＶＸ及其相关化合物。最后还计算了甲基膦酸甲丁酯的元素比和经验分子式。     

两个含磷、氮化合物的EI-MS分析

采用气相色谱一质谱联用技术对二异丙氨基甲基膦酸乙基酯和N,N-双（2-甲基膦酸乙基酯乙基）甲基胺2个合成样品进行了分析,比较深入地研究了2个化合物的质谱裂解规律,并推断了样品中相关杂质的结构。     

经土中沙林及其降解产物的GC-MS测定

研究了泥土中的沙林及其降解产物甲基膦酸异丙酯,甲基膦酸二异丙酯和甲基磷酸的提取方法,发现用二氯甲烷提取沙林和甲基膦酸二异丙酯效果很好,用甲醇提取时与沙林有交换作用,得到甲基膦酸甲异丙酯。用ＧＣ－ＭＳ定性检定性了沙林及其降解产物的烷基化物。沙林及降解产物在粘土和沙土中的回收率为２５％－７５％。     

烷基膦酸甲酯的特殊化学性质研究

烷基膦酸甲酯与其他烷基膦酸酯相比具有特殊性质,用亚磷酸三甲酯为溴代烷进行阿乐布卓重排反应时发生异构,得到酯交换产物,甲基氯膦酸甲酯不稳定,在室温下发生聚合。     

军用变压吸附装置床层动力学数学模型及实验研究

以二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)及甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMAP)为模拟剂，13X分子筛为吸附剂，分别对二氯甲烷及甲基膦酸二甲酯在13X分子筛上的吸附等温线，透过曲线及解吸曲线进行试验研究．建立数学模型，得到透过曲线及解吸曲线的解析解，对模型中各参数对分离效果的影响进行分析．结果表明，该模型对二氯甲烷及甲基膦酸二甲酯的透过曲线理论值与实验值吻合较好，但对二者的解吸曲线模拟则不理想；由二氯甲烷及甲基膦酸二甲酯的透过曲线及解吸曲线数据可见，甲基膦酸二甲酯比二氯甲烷易于透过也易于解吸．     

气相色谱法测定含磷毒剂及其降解产物气体样品

用吸附-淋洗法采集和处理气体样品中的沙林、梭曼、甲基膦酸二甲酯和甲基膦酸异丙酯几种含磷毒剂及降解产物,用气相色谱仪测定。研究并优化了采样条件和淋洗条件。     

SAW-MTFUOL-P自组装镀膜传感器在检测DMMP中的应用研究

设计制作了11-巯基-1,1-二（三氟甲基）十一醇（MTFUOL）自组装膜声表面波化学传感器（SAW-MTFUOL—P）,利用该传感器对有机膦毒剂模拟剂甲基膦酸二甲酯（DMMP）进行了检测研究。研究结果证实,SAW-MTFUOL—P自组装镀膜传感器对DMMP具有较高的响应灵敏度,且响应时间短、恢复快。     

销毁遗弃化武废气和空气污染物监测方法－总砷的测定

采用二乙胺基二硫代甲酸银分光光度法测定销毁化武废气和空气污染物中总砷。该方法的主要原理在碘化钾氯化亚锡存在下,使五价砷还原成三价砷。锌与酸作用产生新生态的氢,与三价砷作用生成砷化氢气体。此气体用二乙基二硫代甲酸银－三乙胺氯仿溶液中收,生成经红色胶体银,在530nm,处测量吸收液的吸光度。     

对苯基溴代苯乙酮柱前衍生有机磷酸:HPLC紫外检测有机磷酸衍生反应的研…

采用对苯基溴代苯乙酮生试剂,以三乙胺作相转移催化剂,有机磷酸在Ｎ,Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺介质中很快发生衍生反应,该方法对甲基膦酸及其半酯均以能适用。同时,在最大吸收波长处检测,使检测灵敏提高两个数量级。     

硫二甘醇及其相关氧化产物的硅烷化衍生反应条件优化及应用

研究了衍生气相色谱法测定芥子气的降解产物硫二甘醇、硫二甘醇亚砜和硫二甘醇砜的方法,并对影响衍生反应的溶剂、温度、时间和衍生试剂用量进行了优化,该法操作简便、灵敏度高。     

基于主成分分析法的危险化学品事故统计分析方法研究

通过对2002~2007年危险化学品事故数据进行统计分析,运用主成分分析法（Princ ipal Component Analysis,PCA）计算得到危险化学品事故发生的第一主成分,进一步分析得出危险化学品事故主要发生在使用环节和生产环节。利用主成分分析法得出的结论,针对危险化学品在使用、生产环节采取得当的预防措施,可以为有效减少危险化学品事故的发生提供科学决策依据。     

N-乙基间甲氧基苯胺之合成工艺改进

采用间氨苯酚为原料,以四氢吡喃(THP)作羟基保护剂,以醋酸酐作酰基保护剂和氨基单取代的专一选择剂,以溴乙烷作烷基化试剂,硫酸二甲酯作甲基化试剂,在原有最优化合成工艺条件下,经六步反应合成N-乙基间甲氧基苯胺,产率达到65.9%.经改进后的合成路线反应步骤虽有所增加,但收率提高了8.3%.     

无电焊接材料的燃烧速度和燃烧温度研究

采用高放热性的铝热剂（CuO＋Al）并加入适当的添加剂,制备了便携式的无电焊接笔材料,其燃烧速度可控,且具有高的燃烧温度。研究了反应剂颗粒大小、混料均匀性等对无电焊接笔材料的燃烧性能的影响。结果表明：反应剂粒径对无电焊接笔的燃烧速度具有显著影响,随着反应剂粒径的增大,燃烧速度明显减慢。反应剂粒径和混料时间是影响单位时间放热量和混料均匀度的主要因素,因而对无电焊接笔的燃烧温度具有明显影响。在一定的混料时间下,反应物粉末具有最佳的混料均匀性。反应物粒径小且混料均匀性好的无电焊接笔材料,其燃烧温度高。     

Reading the Riot Act: Toward a More Comprehensive Ban on Chemical Weapons

ABSTRACT

The recent use of chemicals in warfare in Syria and Iraq illustrates that, despite the important work of the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC), the world has not yet been totally successful in stopping the use of indiscriminate toxic agents in conflicts, either by states or non-state actors. Michael Crowley's excellent and timely new book, Chemical Control, analyzes the use of “riot control agents” (RCAs) and “incapacitating chemical agents” (ICAs), including launch and dispersal systems, by police, paramilitary, and military forces over the last decades and raises the challenging question about where the red line might be drawn between banned and permitted uses of chemicals. He discusses this problem not only in the context of the CWC, which allows use of RCAs for civilian riot control, but also in the context of international law, human rights, and criminal justice, including the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention and other disarmament and abolition regimes. He proposes a “holistic, three-stage approach” to addressing this issue “for effective regulation or prohibition of the weapon or weapon-related technology of concern.” As we approach the global abolition of a whole class of weapons of mass destruction in the next decade or even sooner, Chemical Control is helpful in better understanding and solving the dilemma of what's actually banned or permitted under international law, and precluding states undermining the chemical weapons ban.     

易燃易爆危险化学品企业防雷设计

雷电严重威胁易燃易爆危险化学品企业的安全生产,因此加强该类企业的雷电防护工作十分重要。分析了易燃易爆危险化学品企业环境及雷击火灾隐患特点,对易燃易爆危险化学品企业建（构）筑物、露天装置区、供配电系统、电子信息系统的防雷设计进行了探析。     

原位反应电火花沉积TiN陶瓷增强相的工艺性能

以TC4钛合金为电极,氮气作为反应气和保护气,在45钢表面原位反应生成含TiN的沉积层。对电压、电容、频率、转速和比沉积时间5个沉积层厚度影响因子,各设4个工艺水平,进行正交试验,研究多项工艺参数同时变化时沉积层厚度的变化规律。结果表明：选用电容为120μF,输出电压145 V,比沉积时间3 min/cm2时可获得综合质量最优的沉积层。电火花反应沉积层与基体形成冶金结合,沉积层均匀致密,厚度约为30～40μm,主要由TiN、FeTi和Fe9.64Ti0.36组成。沉积层的弹性模量为183.614 GPa,而纳米硬度达14.039 GPa,是基体的4倍。结果表明：原位反应电火花沉积可有效改善材料的表面性能。     

Controlling Novichoks after Salisbury: revising the Chemical Weapons Convention schedules

ABSTRACT

Novichok agents are a class of nerve agents developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. In light of the use of a Novichok agent in Salisbury in March 2018, two sets of proposals to amend Schedule 1 of the 1993 Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) have been put forth, one jointly by the United States, Canada, and the Netherlands, and the other by Russia. Both sets of proposals will be discussed and voted upon at the next Conference of States Parties of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in November 2019. If either set of proposals is approved, it will be the first time that the list of chemicals subject to verification under the CWC will have been modified. This viewpoint will discuss these proposals, and argue that, if adopted, the joint proposal and the portions of the Russian proposal upon which consensus can be reached would significantly strengthen the CWC by considerably expanding the coverage of its Schedule 1 and bringing Novichok agents firmly within the CWC’s verification system. We also argue that, since the OPCW Technical Secretariat did not deem the fifth group of chemicals proposed by Russia to meet the criteria for inclusion in Schedule 1, Russia should withdraw this part of its proposal from consideration. The proposals have also served an important purpose in clarifying the identity of the chemical agent used in the Salisbury incident, squarely placing it within one of the two families of Novichok agents described by the Russian chemical-weapons scientist and whistleblower Vil Mirzayanov. If either proposal is approved in November, it will be important to conduct a thorough assessment of key precursors for the synthesis of Novichok agents and assess the need to amend CWC schedules and national and multinational export-control lists accordingly.     

Thermal explosion of a reactive gas mixture at constant pressure for non-uniform and uniform temperature systems

In this study, the approximate and exact solutions for the stationary-state of the solids model with neglecting reactant consumption for both non-uniform and uniform temperature systems were applied on gas ignition under a constant pressure condition. The criticality conditions for a slab, an infinite cylinder, and a sphere are determined and discussed using dimensionless temperatures under constant ambient and surface temperatures for a non-uniform temperature system. Exact solution for a Semenov model with convection heat loss was also presented. The solution of the Semenov problem for constant volume or density as a solid and constant pressure were compared. The critical parameter δ is calculated and compared with those of Frank-Kamenetskii solution values. The validation of the calculated ignition temperatures with other exact solution and experimental results were offered. The relation between critical parameters form Semenov and F.K. models solution was introduced.     

微乳液法在纳米催化剂制备中的应用及研究进展

综述了微乳液法制备纳米催化剂的基本原理和主要方法以及近年来在催化剂制备中的一些应用.对微乳液法制备纳米催化剂的一些影响因素:如水的含量及表面活性剂的结构和种类对微乳液"水池"尺寸的影响以及对最终形成的纳米粒子粒径的影响,反应物浓度对形成的纳米催化剂粒子的粒度大小和分布的影响,负载粒子对催化剂粒子烧结温度及稳定性等多方面的影响进行了探讨与分析,并对该领域的研究发展作了展望.     

面向新化学威胁形式的防护技术与装备

近年来,化学威胁的形式发生了变化,出现了类化学战、化学恐怖以及针对平民和环境的次生危害,给防化科研和防化工作提出了新的挑战。分析传统化学战与这三类新化学威胁形式的异同点发现,这些新威胁形式之间有着较多的共同点,而与传统化学战威胁形式则有较大差异。中国拥有为数众多的大型化工生产、储存设施,这些设施很可能成为袭击的目标,因此必须转变化学防护观念,尽快研究防化新技术、新装备,建立国家动员机制。