一种光电瞄准系统的建模仿真方法

基于某型飞机的光电瞄准系统,给出了光电瞄准系统的工作原理,建立了光电瞄准系统接受到的热辐射强度和热辐射检测门限的算法模型.然后根据所建立的模型, 编写软件进行了仿真测试,验证了模型的合理性,形成了一个完整的光电瞄准系统的仿真软件.     

航空瞄准新算法AFA的剖析与改进

AFA(Asynchronous Fire Aiming,非同步射击瞄准)算法是一种新的航空瞄准算法,消除了经典航空前置跟踪瞄准算法LCOS(Lead Computing Optical Sight,前置计算光学瞄准)存在瞄准稳环的弊端。分析了LCOS存在瞄准稳环弊端的根本原因,并在此基础上深入剖析了AFA算法消除瞄准稳环的原理与核心技术。同时,指出AFA算法存在的"瞄准环构成超限"缺陷,并针对此缺陷提出了改进方案,进一步完善了AFA算法。     

基于FPGA的车载光电系统瞄准控制与实现

光电系统瞄准线瞄准目标后,需根据工况以小于0.15 mil/s的角速率精确控制。但由于车辆快速移动时会存在摇摆、颠簸情况,导致系统瞄准线动态瞄准难。针对系统瞄准控制要求,分析了车载光电瞄准控制原理及数学模型,在此基础上提出了基于FPGA的车载光电瞄准控制非线性修正的实现方案,并设计了实用的修正电路,实现了瞄准过程控制。并在实际应用中得到验证,取得了较满意的效果。     

激光式头盔瞄准具瞄准线数学模型的建立

激光式头盔瞄准具具有结构简单、截获目标速度快、抗干扰能力强、便于实现光电转换的优点.为了进一步加深对激光式头盔瞄准/显示系统瞄准线解算技术的研究,建立了该系统瞄准线的数学模型,从而计算出头盔的方位角和俯仰角,并对相关的误差和系统的精度进行了分析估算,实践表明该模型对瞄准线的解算是完全满足要求的.     

光电头盔系统信号处理分析与探讨

阐述了当前广泛采用的光电式头盔测位系统的组成和原理,给出了解算瞄准线参数的数学关系式。对信号处理和精度进行了分析,导出了误差表达式,可用于系统设计中误差的估算和验证。通过信号处理分析,论述了影响精度的主要因素,最后,提出了从根本上提高精度的方法——峰值点检测处理技术。     

基于PSO-AFSA算法的典型集群目标瞄准点选择

利用粒子群算法快速的局部收敛性和人工鱼群的全局收敛性,提出了基于粒子群的人工鱼群混合优化算法,并用于求解常规导弹打击集群目标瞄准点选择优化问题。仿真结果表明:此算法在求解常规导弹打击集群目标瞄准点选择问题时,可以较少的迭代次数取得比较满意的瞄准点。     

作战飞机光电电视瞄准吊舱系统的图像预处理

针对作战飞机光电电视瞄准吊舱系统的设备特点,从理论上介绍了侧抑制网络,提出一种基于循环侧抑制网络的图像预处理方法.最后,应用选定的侧抑制方法处理电视瞄准吊舱所拍摄的图像中截取的一部分图像,结果显示了算法在图像预处理中增强反差,突出边框的作用.     

基于坐标转换的卡尔曼交互式多模型滤波算法

为解决舰炮火控系统中在笛卡尔坐标系中测量信息的互相关性,分析了目前舰炮火控系统中所用到的坐标系及其坐标变换,在瞄准线坐标系内建立了自适应滤波的交互式多模型算法,能够充分利用跟踪传感器的量测信息,在卡尔曼滤波中具有较强的自适应能力,通过与标准交互式多模型算法的对比验证,自适应交互式多模型算法在计算精度上明显好于标准交互式多模型算法。     

激光武器光电跟踪瞄准与控制技术

激光武器是一种非常复杂的高技术武器,涉及许多先进技术。精密跟踪瞄准技术与控制技术是研制激光武器的关键技术之一。文章介绍激光武器光电跟踪瞄准与控制技术。     

一种应用于目视化瞄准的头动注视点定位算法

应用目视化瞄准技术可以简化火炮直瞄射击过程中的操作难度和瞄准效率。对于目视化瞄准时应用传统桌面式眼动仪器人体头部需要保持静止的问题,研究了一种适用于火炮目视化瞄准的头动注视点定位算法,该算法通过对头部建立四元数坐标系,计算眼球视场和屏幕坐标系,最后通过实验验证证明了通过该算法可以在人体头部自由移动的情况下获得良好的跟踪效果,证明了使用本算法可以实现头部不受限制下的眼动追踪,大大提高了视线追踪技术的适用范围,从而应用于火炮目视化直瞄射击。     

侦察图像综合利用技术研究

侦察图像的综合利用是实现远程精确打击的重要基础,在现代战争中具有不可替代的作用。分析了远程精确打击的作战需求,综合描述了国外相关研究现状,研究了空中侦察图像综合利用涉及的主要问题。在分析关键技术基础上,给出了初步解决方案。     

Playing dirty to survive: the vulnerability of civilian targets within U.S. military aid recipient states

ABSTRACT

U.S. military aid provides recipient governments the fighting capability they require to undermine domestic militant groups, which can undermine groups’ leadership structures and trigger group splintering. In this environment, brutal attacks against non-combatants become an effective mechanism for targeted groups to signal their resolve and outbid competitors. A large-n analysis of U.S. military aid between 1989 -2011 links higher levels of military aid with higher levels of rebel-perpetrated civilian killings, and deaths due to explosive attacks on non-combatant targets. A closer examination of the case of Pakistan sheds further light on the underlying causal mechanisms.     

A branch‐and‐price algorithm for a targeting problem

In this paper, we consider a new weapon‐target allocation problem with the objective of minimizing the overall firing cost. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear integer programming model, but it can be transformed into a linear integer programming model. We present a branch‐and‐price algorithm for the problem employing the disaggregated formulation, which has exponentially many columns denoting the feasible allocations of weapon systems to each target. A greedy‐style heuristic is used to get some initial columns to start the column generation. A branching strategy compatible with the pricing problem is also proposed. Computational results using randomly generated data show this approach is promising for the targeting problem. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

网络中心战的网络攻击——Suter计划

Suter计划是网络中心战的组成部分,它的最终目标是发展美国空军的网络攻击系统.从网络中心站的角度介绍了Suter计划的背景、发展历程以及在实战中的应用,分析了Surer计划的重要组成部分NCCT(network centric collaborative targeting)系统,提出了3种可能实现Suter能力的网络攻击技术.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9