可变搜索区末制导雷达捕捉模型

反舰导弹远程化是一种发展趋势。但是随着射程的增加,反舰导弹自控终点的误差散布也增加,同时降低了目标捕捉概率,扩大末制导雷达搜索区域是解决该问题的一个途径,但这将降低末制导雷达的目标选择能力。选用可变搜索区末制导雷达是解决该矛盾的一种方法。在分析该模式末制导雷达搜索规律的基础上,建立了可变搜索区末制导雷达目标捕捉模型,为该模式末制导雷达目标捕捉概率的计算提供了一种较准确的方法。仿真结果显示该模型基本可信。     

噪声干扰对抗单脉冲末制导雷达技术研究

反舰导弹末制导雷达越来越多地采用单脉冲角跟踪技术,舰艇须结合自身特点,采取有效的对抗措施.针对噪声干扰对抗单脉冲末制导雷达的可行性进行了分析,建立了噪声干扰模型、角度跟踪误差估算模型和雷达发现概率计算模型,并用Matlab进行仿真验证,得出了噪声干扰通过破坏雷达角跟踪系统而有效干扰单脉冲末制导雷达的结论,并根据所给参数推算出此时所需的干扰机功率大小.     

箔条幕干扰对抗特殊制导体制反舰导弹的决策仿真研究

针对某型反舰导弹末制导雷达特殊制导体制的特点,创造性地提出用箔条幕干扰对抗该型反舰导弹的思想和方法。文章按照箔条幕干扰对抗反舰导弹的机理和作战过程,对箔条幕干扰进行作战仿真。在对仿真数据进行分析和研究的基础上,得到了箔条幕干扰对抗特殊制导体制反舰导弹的决策表。     

舰艇隐身对反舰导弹末制导 雷达目标截获能力的影响

以法国海军的拉菲特级隐身舰为典型对象,就水面舰艇目前的隐身水平进行了评估,分析和计算了典型反舰导弹末制导雷达对隐身舰艇的检测概率和理想状态下对隐身舰艇的截获概率。指出在反舰导弹的攻击过程中,如果能够保证末制导雷达对目标的多次捕捉,舰艇隐身的效果将被抵销;隐身舰艇利用电子干扰产生假目标将可以抑制末制导雷达对真实目标的捕捉。因此,反舰导弹及其末制导雷达要对付舰艇隐身,其关键不是采用新体制雷达来提高检测能力,而在于提高现体制末制导雷达的目标识别能力。     

扇形搜索下反舰导弹末制导雷达检测性能分析*

反舰导弹末制导雷达在进行自动跟踪前,首先要在方位向和距离向上对目标搜索并进行检测。末制导雷达的检测性能与脉冲积累数目、信杂比和搜索方式密切相关。针对反舰导弹末制导雷达常用的扇形搜索方式,提出一种二项式积累OS-CFAR检测算法。该方法在一个方位搜索周期内对距离向回波进行非相参积累。仿真分析表明,与常规OS-CFAR算法相比,该检测算法提高了末制导雷达的检测性能。     

反舰导弹末制导雷达搜捕方式确定模型

当反舰导弹到达航路规划终点时,由于实际位置与理论位置具有一定误差,导弹与各个目标的相对位置关系难以确定,增大了导弹发射前装订末制导雷达搜捕方案的难度。因此,建立了一种针对反舰导弹末制导雷达搜捕方式确定模型。整个模型在大地坐标中推演,并避免了传统计算模型中蒙特卡罗法带来的多样本大数据的计算,因此该算法的实用性与计算效率得到提高。建立模型时需要根据导弹末制导开机点误差散布参数与导弹同目标的相对位置关系构建战场参数模型;其次,根据导弹理论开机点、误差散布圆、目标位置信息与雷达搜捕模式信息,直接判断该理论开机点处开机时,导弹捕捉到预定目标的概率是否符合战术要求,从而达到为某个理论开机点选择合适末制导雷达搜捕方式的目的。仿真结果验证了该模型的有效性。     

基于正交设计的反舰导弹末制导雷达参数优化

分析了反舰导弹末制导雷达的目标捕捉的限制条件,以一种典型的目标态势为前提建立了基于蒙特卡洛仿真法的目标捕捉概率计算模型,在此基础上利用正交设计的方法对末制导雷达参数组合进行寻优,并通过调整重要因素水平进行多次实验,得到了适合当前目标态势的较优参数组合,为提高反舰导弹目标捕捉能力的相关研究提供了参考。     

舰艇对反舰导弹质心干扰效果模型研究

末制导雷达搜索区域的扩大和各种抗无源干扰措施的实施,使舰艇利用箔条云干扰来袭反舰导弹变得更为困难。在末制导雷达捕捉跟踪原理的基础上,建立了舰艇对反舰导弹质心干扰的效果模型,该模型能较精确地反映导弹、反射中心和舰艇位置的动态关系,能根据导弹的距离、导弹来袭方向、风速、风向、干扰弹投放距离、方位判断干扰的效果。仿真显示该模型能较真实地反映各因素对干扰结果的影响。     

针对反舰导弹的距离波门拖引干扰使用研究

针对采用比例导引法的雷达末制导反舰导弹对舰船的攻击问题,研究了距离波门拖引干扰对反舰导弹运动规律的影响.通过建立弹舰对抗过程模型,分析并推导了干扰时机与导弹攻击结果之间的关系,结合仿真验证给出了距离波门拖引干扰的使用方法.     

末制导雷达干扰决策的模糊评估方法研究

为了适应水面舰艇反导作战的需要 ,提出了一种评估末制导雷达干扰决策的方法。建立了导弹末制导雷达干扰决策评估模型 ,在此基础上 ,运用模糊综合评估的方法 ,对导弹末制导雷达干扰决策进行了综合评估。以干扰某型反舰导弹为例 ,对评估方法进行了试验验证。结果表明 ,该评估方法对评估末制导雷达干扰决策十分有效     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.