基于云重心评判的战场态势评估方法

针对当前的战场态势评估方法所存在的对战场态势的综合评价和理解不足的问题,将云理论引入防空态势评估,提出一种基于云重心评判的战场态势评估方法.首先建立评估的指标体系,并将各指标值分别用云模型表示,然后确定各指标的权重,计算出加权偏离度θ,最后将加权偏离度输入评测云发生器得到评估结果.实例验证的结果表明,此方法对当前战场态...     

海战场态势评估问题的研究

对海战场综合态势进行态势评估和威胁分析是信息融合系统的最高层级,态势评估结果将对指挥员的指挥决策起到非常重要的作用。根据海军作战理论分析了海战场态势的表示方法,并基于模板方法设计了一种战场当前态势与模板数据库中态势进行匹配的算法。该算法特别适用于高层推理如态势或威胁评估。     

云模型和距离熵的TOPSIS法空战多目标威胁评估

针对传统逼近理想解的排序法(TOPSIS)在空战多目标威胁评估中对战场态势数据精度要求高这一缺陷,提出了一种基于云模型和距离熵TOPSIS法空战多目标威胁评估方法。该方法运用云模型理论对战场态势数据进行模糊表示,并通过定义云元素的大小和距离测度公式实现了两者结合。考虑目标各属性的权重对分析结果的重要性,运用距离熵理论来分配各属性的权重,进而建立加权决策云矩阵,根据相对贴近度的大小确定各方案的威胁程度。最后,通过仿真验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

海战场态势分析与评估方法

信息融合是海军作战指挥系统情报处理的一个必不可少的环节,对融合后的海战场综合态势进行分析和评估是为信息融合体系提高了一个重要层次.海战场态势分析与评估在现代信息战中将具有越来越重要的作用,但目前海战场态势分析和评估的方法还很不成熟,本文试图从海战场态势分析与评估在信息融合中的作用,以海战场态势分析与评估处理融合数据流程为依据,提出海战场态势分析与评估的基本方法,起到一个抛砖引玉的作用.     

云发生器在军事信息服务毁伤评估中的应用

在体系作战背景下,战场的网络环境复杂多变,网系的运行质量对各类军事信息服务性能表现均会产生影响,用静态的标准对军事信息服务进行毁伤评估难以反映真实毁伤情况.通过应用云模型理论中的正态云发生器,设计了可生成动态评估规则的云发生器,将网系运行质量的不确定度传递至单个信息服务的毁伤评估中.仿真实验验证了模型的有效性.     

战场电磁环境复杂度评估及其应用

简要阐述了战场复杂电磁环境的特点及其对电子设备的影响,针对雷达对抗电磁环境的自身特点,分析了极化对雷达对抗电磁环境的影响,提出了雷达对抗电磁环境复杂度评估的改进方法,并运用电磁环境复杂度评估结果建立电磁环境影响因子,对训练评估模型进行修正和完善,最后,以雷达分队作战能力评估为例,探讨了战场电磁环境复杂度评估在军事训练评...     

基于云模型的系统综合效能评估方法

针对系统效能评估中定性描述难以准确评估的问题,在分析已有基于云模型评估方法不足的基础上,提出了一种新的基于云模型的系统综合效能评估方法。首先将各指标值和评价集的各评语用云模型表示,然后利用各指标值云模型与评价集各云模型相似度的加权和来对系统综合效能进行评估。实例分析表明,该方法能够有效地对系统进行综合效能评估。     

基于数据挖掘的海战场态势可视化平台构建

可视化和数据挖掘是进行海战场态势评估、实现战场可视化的两项关键技术。海战场态势可视化能提高指挥员的战场态势感知能力,有效辅助指挥员进行当前态势评估和未来态势预测。而数据挖掘技术是对海量战场态势数据进行知识发现的有效工具,基于数据挖掘技术从顶层构建了海战场态势数据可视化挖掘平台,并对其中的各子模块进行了具体研究。     

基于战场环境变权的目标战场价值评估

基于现代战场环境动态变化的特点,针对常权目标战场价值评估的结果与实际情况不符的问题,引入了变权的思想。根据战场环境的动态变化特点,通过直觉模糊集和专家评价法对战场环境因素进行综合分析,并得出战场环境指标总变化量。利用战场环境指标总变化量对目标战场价值指标进行自适应变权,并提出变权的算法。最后通过仿真验证了该方法的合理性与可行性。     

基于云推理的目标电磁环境威胁度评估方法

云模型能够实现定性概念与定量数值之间的相互转换,将云模型这一优点引入到电磁威胁度评估,利用云模型发生器、条件规则发生器、逆向发生器,并结合权重设计出云推理算法系统。以战场电磁空间为背景,利用Matlab平台对云推理算法系统仿真计算,得出具体的目标电磁环境威胁程度,检验了该方法的效果。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.