火箭深弹人工散布射击方法

为提高火箭深弹对潜攻击作战效能,根据现在火箭深弹武器系统的特点,分析了影响火箭深弹射击效果的因素,提出了几种组织火箭深弹人工散布的射击方案,建立了火箭深弹齐射毁伤概率计算模型,进行了计算机仿真,对组织人工散布的火箭深弹齐射毁伤概率进行了分析计算,得出了使用火箭深弹组织人工散布的最优方案,进而给出了火箭深弹人工散布射击方法,采用该种射击方法,可有效提高火箭深弹毁伤目标概率.     

子母深弹反鱼雷攻击效能及仿真

火箭深弹是水面舰艇拦截鱼雷的常用武器,为提高火箭深弹拦截鱼雷的概率,提出了子母深弹的概念,将地面火炮中常用的子母弹技术应用于深弹反鱼雷攻击中,通过分析子母弹的散布特性,来比较子母深弹和火箭深弹毁伤鱼雷的效能,并通过Monte-Carlo法仿真了这一过程,分析了影响子母深弹的毁伤概率的因素。     

中远程火箭深弹对潜射击方法

火箭深弹射程与射击精度提高后,如再沿用以固定发射间隔,对同一瞄准点齐射的方法对潜射击会造成资源的浪费,影响毁伤概率的提高.如能充分利用现代火控系统快速解算和快速跟踪瞄准的特点,在齐射中合理组织散布,可以科学利用资源,使毁伤概率得以提高.     

自航水雷雷位误差对障碍毁伤概率影响分析

自航水雷障碍毁伤概率是其作战效能的重要指标之一。针对自航水雷(SLMM)雷位所具有的随机散布特性,建立了反映水雷障碍毁伤概率与雷位误差之间关系的理论模型,并对理论模型进行了仿真验证。利用该理论模型分析了自航水雷雷位误差对毁伤概率的影响,同时对自航水雷障碍期望雷位的优化配置方法进行了初步的探讨。     

速射高炮对RAM类弹的毁伤概率计算

根据弹箭外弹道方程生成RAM类弹的实际飞行轨迹,采用UKF滤波算法对采样数据进行处理,采用基于共有分量分解法计算了速射高炮对RAM类弹的毁伤概率,分析了射击误差中相关系数以及武器系统不同火力配置对毁伤概率的影响。分析结果表明:速射高炮对火箭弹的毁伤概率优于对榴弹、迫击炮弹的毁伤概率,适当增加射弹量有利于提高对RAM类弹的毁伤概率。     

基于仿真弹群的目标毁伤预测模型

针对炮兵对集群有生力量目标射击,提出一种基于仿真弹群的毁伤评估模型.首先仿真得到严格符合射击误差表征的弹群,然后应用坐标毁伤律计算毁伤概率.合理确定描述弹群的毁伤因素之后,采用自适应模糊神经网络系统(ANFIS)从仿真数据中得出毁伤因素与毁伤效果之间的映射关系,进而对毁伤效果进行评估.实验结果表明,该模型精度高,泛化能力好,具有很强实用性,有效解决了根据炸点信息进行毁伤评估的难题.     

脱壳穿甲弹对巡航导弹的毁伤模型及仿真

精确评定目标毁伤概率有相当的困难,需要进行大量的试验。在对巡航导弹毁伤标准和结构进行研究的基础上,分析了巡航导弹不同部位的毁伤特性,给出了脱壳穿甲弹对巡航导弹的毁伤模型。以某型脱壳穿甲弹为例,仿真了对战斧巡航导弹的单发命中弹的毁伤概率。采用以各种相关毁伤试验数据为基础,用基于理论和推算的方法,得出毁伤模型。与现有的毁伤效果评定比较,模型更为精确,结果更为可靠,对类似的毁伤分析也有借鉴意义。     

火箭自导深弹空中段关键指标研究

文中依据火箭自导深弹的组成及攻潜过程,建立了相关仿真模型,在典型条件下,分别采用对目标当前点和对目标提前点两种射击策略,利用蒙特卡罗法仿真分析了弹箭分离高度、入水速度、溅落点散布误差和助飞段平均飞行速度等空中段主要指标对发现概率的影响。仿真结果表明：溅落点散布误差和助飞段平均飞行速度对发现概率影响显著,为火箭自导深弹空中段关键指标;溅落点散布误差控制在200m以内,助飞段平均飞行速度高于250m/s时,具有较高的发现概率。     

81式火箭深弹命中解算

本文从实际应用出发对81式火箭深弹(3200深弹)进行命中解算,并对不同的算法进行了比较和分析。     

穿甲弹对主战坦克毁伤的计算分析

在完善毁伤等级、目标构造、部件贡献因子、毁伤准则、目标描述系统、系统杀伤树等概念的基础上建立穿甲弹对主战坦克的毁伤模型,通过此模型计算单发弹命中坦克时的毁伤概率,提出主战坦克易损性分析的方法及降低易损性的途径.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.