基于NGA算法的舰载机机库出库调度优化

为了在复杂的机库环境中,尽可能缩短舰载机出库时间,优化其出库顺序,对舰载机多机出库调度优化问题进行了研究。首先,对该问题进行分析,建立了适合优化的数学模型。其次,设计了一种适合优化舰载机多机出库调度问题的算法—NGA算法,该算法是在遗传算法(GA)的基础上,对原有交叉和变异策略进行改变以适应所求解问题,并融入执行路径探测和规划的通视图算法后形成的。最后,分别将该方法和枚举法应用于求解尼米兹级航母舰载机多机出库调度优化问题T4。仿真结果为基于NGA算法所得的最短出库时间为801 s,最短移动距离为1 098.3 m;基于枚举法结果为800.4 s和1 097.6 m。由结果可知,NGA算法计算结果与枚举法相差较小,可以应用于求解舰载机多机出库调度问题。     

基于Petri网的舰载机出库调度建模方法

舰载机出库作业调度效率是完成舰船作战效能的重要保证。分析了舰载机出库作业调度建模方法问题。基于Petri网技术理论,建立舰载机出库逻辑关系Petri网模型。基于机库内舰载机出库作业决策过程,建立舰载机出库作业四阶段决策的数学模型。最后给出优化算法流程并进行验证。     

航母作战部署进程中的舰载机出动架次规划研究

首先对航母作战部署进程中舰载机出动架次问题进行了分析,论述了因舰载机发射回收而产生的航母航行部署偏差问题;以最大化舰载机防御态势和最小化部署偏差为目标,构建了航母作战部署进程中的舰载机出动架次规划的目标函数和约束条件,提出了基于多目标规划模型的航母作战部署进程中的舰载机出动架次规划模型,并对目标函数进行了线性化处理;针对目标模型求解的复杂难度大的特点,采用降维法对航母作战部署进程中的舰载机出动架次规划模型进行求解。最后,构建了航母作战部署进程中的舰载机出动架次规划的典型案例,仿真结果表明,所提出的模型能够有效求解出舰载机出动架次规划方案,验证了模型的有效性。     

基于任务的连续出动舰载机航空保障重调度研究

对舰载机和各种保障资源进行调度是提高舰载机航空保障效率、保证舰载机所承担作战任务顺利完成的有效手段。为了克服以往研究中没有考虑作战任务变更对舰载机航空保障调度的影响,使用重调度的理论与方法研究了基于任务的连续出动舰载机航空保障重调度问题,建立了连续出动舰载机航空保障重调度模型。采用免疫算法对模型进行求解,可以避免模型的解空间可能出现组合爆炸问题。最后通过一个实例表明该模型可以很好的应对由作战任务变更所引起的重调度问起,算法求解速度满足作战需求,从而验证了模型的准确性及算法的有效性。     

航母作战部署的舰载机出动架次优化研究

针对航母作战部署中航母平台按时到达部署地限制和舰载机出动回收任务需求,建立了非线性整数规划模型,目标函数是舰载机出动架次总数,约束条件包括非线性的航母平台部署偏差约束和线性的舰载机出动约束;采用遗传算法求解这个具有复杂约束条件的舰载机出动架次优化模型;解算了一个航母作战部署的实例,结果表明模型和算法可行。     

不同起降方式的舰载机作战能力对比分析

为优选航母舰载机发展建设方案,对不同起降方式的舰载机作战能力进行了对比分析。对滑跃起飞/阻拦着舰、弹射起飞/阻拦着舰和短距起飞/垂直着舰3种典型起降方式的舰载机甲板作业流程进行了分析,研究了不同起降方式下甲板作业的约束条件;构建了舰载机出动架次评估模型,对比分析了3种起降方式的舰载机出动能力;提出舰载机遂行航母防空作战任务的最优飞行甲板空中作业计划方法,对比分析了3种起降方式的舰载机空中阵位连续部署时间。应用仿真案例对关键参数进行了灵敏度分析,进一步验证了模型的可行性和有效性。     

舰载机甲板布列调运优化方法研究

通过分析美军现代航空母舰的布列调运方式和发展趋势,发现舰载机的甲板作业调度、停放布列和移动调运是影响舰载机布列调运优化和提高舰载机出动能力的重要方面。针对这些方面的主要特点,采用动态调度方法、空间布局仿真和路径规划方法进行研究能更好地得到布列调运优化效果。据此基本思想,着重从美军航母甲板管理方式、空间布局、路径规划以及甲板作业调度几个方面阐述舰载机布列调运的研究现状,最后对舰载机布列调运优化未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

航母部署的航行路线模型研究

针对母舰平台航行与舰载机出动需要相互协同配合的问题,研究了连续出动作业方式下的航母航行规律。首先,分析了航母航行路线的影响因素;然后,建立了描述航母在单飞行甲板周期四个阶段航行规律的路线模型;最后,利用开发的计算工具定量分析了典型情况下相对风向、出动架次和转向方式这三个因素对航母部署能力的影响规律,分析结果表明:航母部署能力随相对风向角度增加而增强,随出动架次数量增加而减小,与转向方式关系不明显。     

基于改进遗传算法的舰载机出库调度优化方法

舰载机出库最优调度方案是合理编排一批次舰载机出库顺序,使目标舰载机在最短的时间内调出机库。提出舰载机出库调度方案4步单目标优化方法。第1步实现舰载机数量分配功能;第2步依靠遗传算法,实现舰载机选择功能,寻找最优出库组合方案;第3步根据优先级规则对舰载机出库作业进行排序,从而得到最优出库方案的舰载机调度序列;第4步找出需要倒机的舰载机并根据一定规则进行整理后,得到出库作业序列。最后,建立模拟机库验证调度方案的优化方法可行、高效。     

基于人员分配的舰载机出动调运指挥模型

为提高舰载机出动率，最大限度减少保障人员平均工作时间，提出一种基于人员分配的舰载机出动调运指挥模型。对舰载机出动调运保障工作时序、能力及流程进行分析；根据舰载机出动调运保障的特点，建立基于人员分配的舰载机出动调运指挥模型，对舰载机出动调运指挥进行优化，并结合实例验证了模型的可行性。结果表明，该模型能提高舰载机的飞行保障效率，减少保障人员的工作量。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.