An interface shear damage model of chromium coating/steel substrate under thermal erosion load

The Cr-plated coating inside a gun barrel can effectively improve the barrel's erosion resistance and thus increase the service life.However,due to the cyclic thermal load caused by high-temperature gun-powder,micro-element damage tends to occur within the Cr coating/steel substrate interface,leading to a gradual deterioration in macro-mechanical properties for the material in the related region.In order to mimic this cyclic thermal load and,thereby,study the thermal erosion behavior of the Cr coating on the barrel's inner wall,a laser emitter is utilized in the current study.With the help of in-situ tensile test and finite element simulation results,a shear stress distribution law of the Cr coating/steel substrate and a change law of the interface ultimate shear strength are identified.Studies have shown that the Cr coating/steel substrate interface's ultimate shear strength has a significant weakening effect due to increasing temperature.In this study,the interfacial ultimate shear strength decreases from 2.57 GPa(no erosion)to 1.02 GPa(laser power is 160 W).The data from this experiment is employed to establish a Cr coating/steel substrate interface shear damage model.And this model is used to predict the flaking process of Cr coating by finite element method.The simulation results show that the increase of coating crack spacing and coating thickness will increase the service life of gun barrel.     

Development of multi-physics numerical simulation model to investigate thermo-mechanical fatigue crack propagation in an autofrettaged gun barrel

In this research, a detailed multi-physics study has been carried out by numerically simulating a solid fractured gun barrel for 20 thermo-mechanical cycles. The numerical model is based on thermal effects, mechanical stress fields and fatigue crack mechanics. Elastic-plastic material data of modified AISI 4340 at temperatures ranging from 25 to 1200 °C and at strain rates of 4, 16, 32 and 48 s⁻¹ was acquired from high-temperature compression tests. This was used as material property data in the simulation model. The boundary conditions applied are kept similar to the working gun barrel during continuous firing. A methodology has been provided to define thermo-mechanically active surface-to-surface type interface between the crack faces for a better approximation of stresses at the crack tip. Comparison of results from non-autofrettaged and autofrettaged simulation models provide useful information about the evolution of strains and stresses in the barrel at different points under combined thermo-mechanical loading cycles in both cases. The effect of thermal fatigue under already induced compressive yield due to autofrettage and the progressive degradation of the accumulated stresses due to thermo-mechanical cyclic loads on the internal surface of the gun barrel (mimicking the continuous firing scenario) has been analyzed. Comparison between energy release rate at tips of varying crack lengths due to cyclic thermo-mechanical loading in the non-autofrettaged and autofrettaged gun has been carried out.     

基于改进支持向量回归机的火炮身管寿命预测

为准确预测火炮身管寿命终止时火炮射弹数,根据射击过程中火炮身管磨损量与身管寿命特性,分析了身管膛线起始部磨损量与身管射弹数之间的关系,提出了支持向量回归机算法,并采用遗传算法进行模型优化改进,得到火炮身管寿命预测最优模型。结合两种类型火炮的身管数据,利用该模型对身管寿命进行预测,并与原始支持向量回归机进行对比,通过分析可知改进的支持向量回归机预测效果好、精度高,为火炮在实际应用中身管的寿命预测提供了新的思路。     

基于最小二乘支持向量机的坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测方法

针对高膛压坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测的难题,结合坦克实弹射击试验数据量少和非线性的特点,基于最小二乘支持向量机构建了坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测模型,给出了模型参数的选取方法,并以某型坦克炮射击试验为基础,对坦克炮身管剩余寿命预测模型进行了验证。结果表明:该模型预测坦克炮身管剩余寿命效果良好。     

线膛火炮身管剩余寿命的神经网络模型研究

利用前馈式人工神经网络方法,根据试验数据,建立了某火炮身管剩余寿命(RL)模型;并用该模型研究了各特征截面内径改变量对弹丸初速改变量的影响,以及弹丸初速改变量与总内径改变量间的关系。     

考虑自重挠度的火炮试验装置身管稳定性校核研究

针对炮口强冲击条件下身管可能出现失稳的问题,将某型火炮试验装置身管近似为一端固定、一端铰支的九阶梯变截面构件．基于有限元软件平台,提取身管各截面在重力作用下的挠度,建立具有初始挠度的身管有限元模型,并验证其在冲击条件下的稳定性．该研究结论为炮口冲击式火炮试验装置的可行性论证提供了科学依据．     

McEvily公式的改进及其在疲劳扩展寿命评估中的应用

疲劳裂纹扩展寿命评估的关键是要有适宜的疲劳裂纹扩展公式。通过对McEvily公式的深入研究,综合考虑弹塑性行为的影响、裂纹的闭合效应,并对曲线斜率进行“最小二乘法”拟合,得到了改进的McEvily公式。采用某航天发射塔架A3钢的疲劳裂纹扩展数据进行分析验证,得出McEvily改进公式对疲劳裂纹扩展寿命具有更强的评估能力。     

某自动步枪身管内膛破坏特点研究

通过枪管的寿命试验,获取该枪的寿命值。利用MATLAB进行二项式曲线拟合,得到枪管的初速预测模型,并根据内膛表面形貌和断面形貌的显微图像,找出内膛破坏的特点及枪管寿终原因,为今后身管武器研究提供一定的借鉴作用。     

Research on Effect of Adding Nanomaterial to Propellant on Gun Barrel

The barrel lifes of three small caliber rifles were tested by using the propellant with nanomaterial and the standard propellant respectively. The test results show that the service life increases observably due to adding nanomaterial to the propellant. Then, the influence of the nanomaterial on the tube was researched by splitting the two barrels tested and detecting their inner surfaces. It was found that the erosion of the barrel bore is reduced observably by using the propellant with nanomaterial. And it makes the volume and the size of the gun chamber change less. Therefore, the barrel life can be prolonged by adding the nanomaterial in the propellant.     

在爆炸载荷作用下固支梁或筒形弯曲板的塑性动态断裂

本文运用刚塑性分析方法研究了在爆炸载荷作用下固支梁的全塑性动态断裂过程。在爆炸载荷作用下,固支梁将首先在固支端进入塑性变形,当固支端塑性铰转角达到其临界值,或固支端处初始裂纹尖端张开位移达到其临界值时(如果固支端有初始裂纹的话),固支端将产生开裂和裂纹扩展。本文解给出了在动态断裂过程中固支梁裂纹扩展长度、裂纹扩展速度以及梁的轴向约束力随时间变化的规律,并给出了不同载荷幅值下梁的启裂条件和止裂条件以及最终裂纹扩展长度和最大挠度。该分析解也适用于固支筒形弯曲板的断裂问题。     

基于低周疲劳理论的身管横向裂纹萌生研究

基于非线性有限元理论建立弹带挤进的动力学模型,依据低周疲劳理论对身管内壁横向裂纹的萌生时机进行研究.在仅考虑热载荷的作用下,研究热疲劳因素对身管裂纹萌生的影响;再利用热力耦合分析方法,研究将弹带的挤压和摩擦作用考虑进来后身管横向裂纹的萌生时机.结果表明,通过热力耦合模型得到的疲劳射弹发数与实弹射击实验发现的横向裂纹的萌生时机相吻合,验证了在考虑热力耦合作用下所建模型的正确性.     

线膛火炮后期寿命分析

弹带削光是火炮寿命终结的标志,通过分析弹带削光的过程和机理,建立炮弹在严重磨损炮膛内的运动模型,提出了为延长火炮后期寿命,在进行弹带和身管内膛设计时应注意的一些问题。     

速射转管炮射击精度的影响因素及对策

速射转管炮作为近程反导武器系统的重要一员,射击精度影响着其最终防御效果,通过对速射转管炮特点及其射击偏差机理的分析,研究了转管炮射击过程中身管转速、弹丸初速等多种因素对射击精度的影响,并在转管炮初始设计、弹道模型和校射等方面提出了修正误差、提高射击精度的方法。     

Weibull分布环境因子工程计算方法

目前,常用的指数型环境因子计算公式缺乏广泛的适用性,不能适用小样本失效数据或零失效数据的情况,尽管工程中有相应的处理方法,但因有人为因素的影响使其结果不够客观。针对这一问题,提出Weibull分布环境因子小概率评估法,并给出工程具体实施方法,使结果更合理,更具实用价值。     

The United States Coast Guard Computer-Assisted Search Planning system (CASP)

This paper provides an overview of the Computer-Assisted Search Planning (CASP) system developed for the United States Coast Guard. The CASP information processing methodology is based upon Monte Carlo simulation to obtain an initial probability distribution for target location and to update this distribution to account for drift due to currents and winds. A multiple scenario approach is employed to generate the initial probability distribution. Bayesian updating is used to reflect negative information obtained from unsuccessful search. The principal output of the CASP system is a sequence of probability “maps” which display the current target location probability distributions throughout the time period of interest. CASP also provides guidance for allocating search effort based upon optimal search theory.     

Analysis for the residual prestress of composite barrel for railgun with tension winding

Based on the elastic theory of cylindrical shells and the theory of composite laminates, a prediction model for the residual prestress of the simplified round composite barrel for railgun is established. Only the fibre pretension is considered in this model. A three dimensional numerical simulation for the residual prestress in the railgun barrel is carried out, by combining the temperature differential method with the element birth and death technology. The results obtained by the two methods are compared. It reveals that the distribution trends of residual prestress are consistent. And the difference for residual prestress in the filament wound composite housing of barrel is relatively small. The same finite element method is used to analysis the residual prestress in the non-simplified composite barrels for railgun, which are under different control modes of winding tension. The results mean that the residual prestress in barrel will increase while the taper coefficient for winding is decreasing. Therefore, the sealing performance in bore is improved, but the strength of the filament wound composite housing drops. In addition, the axial and circumferential residual prestress in the filament wound composite housing with constant torque winding are close to the ones in iso-stress design for barrel.     

Bi‐objective missile rescheduling for a naval task group with dynamic disruptions

This paper considers the rescheduling of surface‐to‐air missiles (SAMs) for a naval task group (TG), where a set of SAMs have already been scheduled to intercept a set of anti‐ship missiles (ASMs). In missile defense, the initial engagement schedule is developed according to the initial state of the defensive and attacking units. However, unforeseen events may arise during the engagement, creating a dynamic environment to be handled, and making the initial schedule infeasible or inefficient. In this study, the initial engagement schedule of a TG is assumed to be disrupted by the occurrence of a destroyed ASM, the breakdown of a SAM system, or an incoming new target ASM. To produce an updated schedule, a new biobjective mathematical model is formulated that maximizes the no‐leaker probability value for the TG and minimizes the total deviation from the initial schedule. With the problem shown to be NP‐hard, some special cases are presented that can be solved in polynomial time. We solve small size problems by the augmented ? ‐ constraint method and propose heuristic procedures to generate a set of nondominated solutions for larger problems. The results are presented for different size problems and the total effectiveness of the model is evaluated.     

压力容器裂纹寿命预测的概率分析方法

本文在文献的基础上,进一步考虑材料性能分散性和使用环境随机性的影响,用概率分析方法对有裂纹的压力容器进行安全性分析,阐述了其可靠度指标和失效概率的分析计算步骤。并用Monte-Carlo方法预测裂纹扩展寿命,从而为正确确定压力容器的运行方式及合理的修理间隔期提供了重要的技术依据。算例证明了该方法的合理性、可行性。     

雷达网实际探测概率分布模型与仿真算法

基于综合考虑各种外界因素影响的雷达实际平面探测区域,建立雷达网实际探测概率分布模型,是一个有待深入探讨的问题.考虑地物遮蔽、顶空和波瓣间盲区的具体影响,首先讨论了雷达单元实际平面探测威力模型,进而提出了一种雷达网实际探测概率分布模型与仿真算法.实例仿真结果表明该模型和算法实用高效.     

内压作用下复合材料修复裂纹管道的失效分析

为准确评估在内压作用下纤维复合材料修复含裂纹管道的有效性及失效压力,建立复合材料修复后裂纹管道的失效数值模型。该数值模型通过扩展有限元法模拟管道裂纹的扩展,利用cohesive单元模拟胶层的脱粘失效,复合材料的失效通过最大应力失效准则进行判定。通过静水压爆裂试验对所提失效数值模型进行验证,实验结果与数值计算结果具有较好的一致性。失效数值分析结果表明:当内压增大至一定值后,未修复管道的初始裂纹沿轴向及壁厚方向逐渐扩展,进而使得管道内壁单元扩展成真实裂纹,此时真实裂纹贯穿整个壁厚方向,即认为裂纹管道发生爆裂失效,爆裂失效压力随初始裂纹半长呈指数形式下降。复合材料修复裂纹管道的不同修复工况呈现相同的失效模式:在单调递增的内压作用下,管道内表面首先出现黏结裂纹,而后其外表面裂纹张开趋势急剧上升,使得复合材料层应力急剧上升,达到极限强度而失效。且对于不同的初始裂纹尺寸,存在对应的复合材料缠绕层数临界值。