MIMO雷达信号检测前跟踪算法及性能

针对雷达目标检测中,弱小目标雷达截面积小,目标角闪烁以及目标受噪声和杂波影响比较大,基于序列检测的检测前跟踪算法是在MIMO雷达信号一般似然比检测的基础上提出来的,它能够克服强杂波噪声对信号检测的影响,在低信号杂波比的情况下滤除杂波点,实现了对弱小目标的检测。仿真实验证明,在虚警概率相同的条件下,算法的性能优于似然比检测方法。     

基于SVM-UPF的雷达弱小目标检测前跟踪算法

针对低信噪比条件下雷达弱小目标的检测与跟踪,提出了基于支持向量机和无迹粒子滤波的检测前跟踪算法。该算法采用无迹卡尔曼滤波生成粒子滤波的重要性密度函数,提高了粒子的使用效率,在此基础上将支持向量机引入到粒子重采样步骤中,通过构建状态的后验概率密度函数来获得多样性的新粒子,有效解决了粒子贫化问题,仿真结果表明,该算法提高了目标的检测概率和跟踪精度。     

点-航迹质量评估的联合目标检测跟踪方法

针对复杂背景下微弱目标的检测和跟踪问题,提出了一种基于点-航迹质量评估的动态规划方法。该方法在雷达传统的检测跟踪结构的基础上,结合雷达真实目标回波特性和目标的运动规律,在单周期内,根据目标的回波特性提出点迹质量的概念,在进行点迹凝聚处理的同时计算点迹质量的大小;在多周期间,根据目标的运动规律对目标的位置进行外推估计,根据估计值与量测值之间的欧式距离和方位差设计一个置信因子并结合点迹质量来改进航迹指标函数。仿真验证结果表明,该方法能够有效地消除伪航迹,计算量较小,能够提高复杂背景下雷达对微弱目标的检测和跟踪性能,并且结构简单,在工程上易于实现。     

IMM-EKF雷达与红外序贯滤波跟踪机动目标

雷达与红外数据融合能够实现信息互补,改善对目标的跟踪、识别以及提高系统的生存能力.为了解决空中目标高速机动时,单一模型的雷达/红外序贯滤波跟踪发散的问题,提出了一种基于序贯滤波和交互多模型的雷达/红外融合跟踪机动目标的方法,通过在雷达与红外序贯滤波融合中引入交互多模型来跟踪机动目标.仿真结果表明,该方法与基于最优数据压缩的雷达与红外传感器融合跟踪机动目标相比,跟踪精度明显提高,是一种雷达与红外传感器融合跟踪机动目标的有效方法.     

基于误差校准的多雷达粒子滤波检测跟踪算法

基于粒子滤波的检测前跟踪方法是一种处理弱目标检测与跟踪的有效方法。使用多部雷达对同一目标进行观测,可以提高目标的检测概率和跟踪精度。但雷达系统误差不同,得到的目标量测信息不能直接进行融合。针对多个具有不同系统误差的雷达联合检测跟踪问题,通过将不同雷达的量测信息向前追溯,对误差进行校准,从而消除不同雷达对于同一粒子的量测误差,然后将粒子权重进行融合。仿真结果表明,在雷达具有不同系统误差的情况下,采用本算法可以有效提高目标的跟踪精度。     

CCD摄象机在检测雷达角度跟踪系统性能中的应用

本文提出用 CCD 摄象机和单片微计算机所组成的系统实现对雷达角度跟踪性能指标的检测,这一新方法可自动录取:雷达的光轴与电轴的匹配状况;雷达角度跟踪系统的误差;当雷达跟踪空中目标时对目标录象,用以评定雷达的跟踪质量.     

基于改进Hough变换的检测前跟踪算法

针对密集杂波环境中的弱小目标检测问题,提出了一种改进Hough变换的检测前跟踪算法,解决Hough变换参数空间峰值簇拥导致虚假轨迹较多的问题。采用样本方差信息对非相参积累值进行加权,利用时间信息抑制部分杂波和噪声积累峰值,改进非相参积累的积累方法;依据各单元的积累值对局部峰值簇拥的几个单元进行融合处理,改进阈值提取的峰值提取方法。仿真分析表明,改进算法检测目标虚假轨迹少于标准Hough变换方法,与先检测后跟踪方法相比,改进算法有3~4 d B信噪比得益。     

简化的UKF方法在多普勒雷达对目标跟踪中的应用

多普勒雷达对目标的观测数据是由距离、方位角、俯仰角和径向速度组成,而大多数雷达的观测数据仅由前三者组成.基于利用径向速度的扩展卡尔曼滤波方法,提出利用径向速度的一种简化的UKF方法对目标进行跟踪.此非线性方法对目标的跟踪有两大改进:①引入径向速度观测值时可以大大提高跟踪性能;②UKF方法比传统的EKF算法有更高的估计精度.     

火控雷达协同防空目标跟踪技术

针对火控雷达抗反辐射导弹的对抗要求,将雷达组网理论应用于火控雷达,提出了火控雷达协同防空目标跟踪方法.首先分析了火控雷达目标跟踪原理,同时给出了跟踪性能的评价指标;其次,为了克服单部雷达的局限性研究了组网火控雷达目标跟踪方法;而后,研究了不同的交替周期对系统的影响;最后对不同工作模式的跟踪效果进行了仿真.结果证明采用组网雷达目标跟踪方法可以同时实现对反辐射导弹载机的准确跟踪和对反辐射导弹的有效对抗.     

基于粒子滤波的多异步传感器检测前跟踪算法

针对弱目标检测跟踪问题,提出了基于粒子滤波的多异步传感器检测前跟踪算法。该算法通过对粒子的状态进行时间和空间递推,将雷达对于目标位于不同时刻的回波幅值映射到同一个粒子的权重中,从而通过对粒子状态及权重的融合,将多雷达的回波幅值信息进行融合,并在此基础上实现对目标的检测跟踪,获得目标航迹。仿真试验结果表明,与单雷达效果相比,所提算法能够有效提高目标跟踪精度和目标正确发现概率。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.