基于Radon变换的弹道目标平动补偿

弹道目标平动补偿有利于弹道目标微动参数提取。针对多散射点目标平动补偿的问题,提出了一种利用Radon变换对目标整体微多普勒曲线进行参数投影来达到平动参数估计的方法。对典型弹道目标进行了建模分析,得出了其散射点微动距离表达式。根据雷达信息对目标回波进行预补偿并对预补偿结果进行时频变换,再采用Radon变换对时频曲线进行参数投影,利用熵值法对投影得到的二维平面进行参数提取。利用提取的平动参数对回波进行平动补偿,仿真结果表明了上述方法的准确性。     

雷达部署对进动目标微多普勒频率的可测性分析

以导弹攻防对抗中防御雷达对空间目标的微多普勒频率检测为背景,分析了雷达部署位置对进动目标微多普勒测量值的影响.理论上可证明,当目标的外形尺寸和进动参数确定后,微多普勒频率由进动轴和雷达视线的夹角(平均视线角)唯一决定.从雷达部署在弹道平面内不同区域以及雷达距弹道平面不同距离两方面出发,分析了微多普勒调制带宽随雷达位置的...     

稀疏孔径条件下微动目标特征提取与成像算法

针对窄带雷达稀疏孔径条件下,目标微多普勒信号无法使用传统方法进行参数化表征和提取的问题,提出一种方位向稀疏孔径条件下微动目标特征提取与成像的新方法。通过详细分析微动目标雷达回波特性,并根据目标回波特征构造微多普勒信号原子集,在此基础上,使用正交匹配追踪算法实现微动目标的特征提取与成像。仿真实验表明该方法能够在稀疏孔径条件下有效提取目标微动特征并实现目标成像。     

MIMO雷达弹头目标微动模型及微多普勒效应

弹头目标识别是弹道导弹防御系统中最为关键的技术之一。将多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达技术和微多普勒特征分析技术引入弹道中段目标识别,可有效克服弹头隐身技术和有源干扰技术等对识别带来的困难,提高识别精度。建立了MIMO雷达中弹头目标的微动模型,给出了弹头自旋、锥旋和进动引起的微多普勒效应的参数化表达,并通过对仿真回波数据进行时频分析验证了理论分析的正确性,为弹头目标的准确识别提供了新的理论依据。     

自旋目标平动补偿与微多普勒参数估计研究

导弹目标在飞行过程中的自旋运动会对连续波雷达信号产生微多普勒调制,对调制后信号进行参数估计可获得目标的自旋频率,而目标因平动产生的多普勒频率会对微动参数估计产生影响。针对平动项引起的微多普勒频率估计参数偏移问题,通过建立同时具有平动与微动项的载波信号模型,采用延迟共轭相乘处理补偿平动项获得微多普勒信息,并通过匹配相关算法对微动参数进行估计,最后给出了该算法的具体试验步骤。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

载机扰动下SAR/GMTI旋转目标微多普勒特性分析

目标微动部件激励的雷达微多普勒信号稳定而独特,反映了该目标的本质特征。针对采用相位中心偏置技术(DPCA)的SAR/GMTI系统,研究存在载机扰动下的旋转目标的微多普勒特性。构建飞行平台与微动目标的几何模型,推导旋转目标的微多普勒信号模型,分析典型的载机纵向扰动对微多普勒时频特性构成的影响;并通过仿真实验,验证了上述理论分析的正确性。     

弹道目标微动特征提取研究

微动特征是弹道目标识别的关键特征之一.针对这一特征,对弹道目标微动特征提取技术进行了分析,主要包括微动信号补偿与分离、微动目标识别以及组网雷达中弹道目标微动特征提取3个部分.同时结合国内外的研究现状,总结了现有的技术手段,并对相关技术的优缺点进行了分析.在此基础上,探讨了弹道目标微动特征提取的需要解决的问题以及未来的发...     

基于微多普勒周期相关性的弹道群目标信号分离

针对弹道群目标微多普勒信号分离问题,提出了一种基于微多普勒周期相关性的弹道群目标信号分离算法。对进动目标和旋转目标进行了微动建模,分析了其散射中心在窄带信号下的微多普勒效应,并给出了其参数化表达式。利用STFT对窄带回波进行了时频变换,获取了回波时频图,并采用奇异值分解(SVD)和高斯空间掩模方法分别对时频图进行了消噪和平化处理。再依据散射中心微多普勒瞬时频率的变化规律,采用Viterbi算法对群目标微多普勒曲线进行了提取。最后将提取出的曲线进行傅里叶变换,根据群目标微多普勒周期的相关性,实现了群目标信号的分离。仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和准确性。     

基于最优核时频分布的装甲车辆微多普勒特征分析

依据微多普勒效应原理,构建了装甲车辆微动的雷达回波数学模型,推导了装甲车辆点目标的回波信号解析关系,并针对回波信号非平稳非线性的特点,利用最优核时频分布结合求时频脊的方法,仿真提取了装甲车辆微动线目标的回波微多普勒特征。仿真结果表明:线目标模型更能凸现、解析装甲车辆微动特征;采用的最优核时频分布结合求时频脊方法,具有比经典二次型分布更好的时频像,能较好地提取出微多普勒特征。最后,利用该方法分析了低信噪比下目标加速度、身管长度等参数对微多普勒特征的影响。     

基于相关性函数的多站微动特征分析与提取

针对多站雷达精度跨度大、难以有效进行融合识别的问题,提出了基于相关性函数的多站加权融合方法。首先建立了弹道目标滑动散射模型,通过时延相乘重构回波,并利用扩展Hough变换提取出距离像的曲线参数,从而建立方程组以求取微动信息。然后利用相关性函数对各雷达的支持度进行分析,最终对支持度高的观测数据进行融合识别。仿真结果表明该方法计算简单,能有效提高微动参数的估计精度,客观地反映各部雷达的可靠度。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.