空舰导弹火控系统精度分析研究

介绍了一种空舰导弹火控系统动态精度试验的试验方法、误差分析理论和方法.用导弹火控系统的数据测量设备获取火控系统输出射击诸元参数实际值,再测量载机和靶船的位置和运动参数,经真值解算模型解算出射击诸元参数标准值.将实际值与标准值进行比较与分析,即可得知空舰导弹火控系统的动态精度是否满足要求.此方法已成功地应用于导弹火控系统精度飞行试验中.     

导弹飞行轨迹运动参数的稳健回归

对导弹飞行轨迹分析中的运动学方程参数求解拟合问题进行了研究,给出了运动学参数的数值计算方法,对参数拟合误差进行了分析.采用了基于B样条函数基的参数稳健回归拟合方法,有效降低了测量异常值对计算结果的影响,提高了拟合精度.试验结果表明:该方法能很好地解决导弹运动参数的曲线拟合与误差分析问题.     

某型反坦克导弹气动仿真方法研究

为了获取某型反坦克导弹的气动参数,基于开源的OpenFOAM软件包,针对某型反坦克导弹的外形,在对导弹底部结构以及弹翼和尾舵外形进行处理后,运用结构化网格划分方法和局部加密方法建立了气动仿真模型.采用带可压缩修正的湍流模型,进行了气动仿真计算,并将计算结果与风洞试验数据进行了对比,结果表明:仿真计算所得气动参数与风洞试验结果符合较好,误差较小,证明了此仿真方法具有较好的可信度.此种方法可以推广运用于类似外形导弹的气动仿真中,能够起到减小耗费、提高效率和缩短研制周期的作用.     

导弹目标识别的最小贝叶斯风险分类器

在贝叶斯决策理论的基础上,通过划分目标特性空间的方法,推导了目标分类问题的总风险表达式.并根据导弹目标识别的特点,建立了导弹目标识别的最小贝叶斯风险模型,给出了基于风险分析的导弹目标识别的具体实现方法.最后,依据导弹目标的实际情况给出了仿真参数并进行了仿真试验,试验结果证明了本方法的有效性.     

海军数据链对潜艇导弹攻击的效能分析

介绍了数据链的发展、主要特点及作用,分析了现有条件下潜艇导弹攻击行动及存在的问题.基于海军数据链的突出特点,指出信息化条件下的现代海战中使用海军数据链将对潜艇导弹攻击的过程、对潜指挥方式和导弹攻击模式带来的影响.最后,从统计分析导弹潜艇的生存概率、潜艇导弹攻击的控制海域、潜艇导弹攻击时间参数,着手对加装数据链前后潜艇导弹攻击行动的效能比较进行建模分析,并提出效能评估方法.     

基于波波夫稳定判据的自适应模糊控制

介绍了一种用于导弹控制的自适应模糊控制器,使用的是一种模糊数自调节因子在线插值算法.仿真表明这种模糊控制器对于受大气扰动和参数变化巨大的导弹俯仰控制回路控制十分有效,并且利用波波夫稳定判据成功判定了系统的稳定性,为导弹控制律设计提供了一种十分有效的方法.模糊逻辑的优越性在导弹俯仰控制回路的控制中充分得以体现.     

基于分布式协调算法的多导弹网络避障

提出一种避障的多导弹网络协调算法.为了实现协同拦截,制导采用目标捕获、时间协调和避障3个独立条件.即使多导弹网络中的某一部件也只能从最近的邻居处收集信息,分布式协调算法可使一组拦截导弹同时到达目标.仿真结果表明,该制导策略为多导弹网络的避障提供了一种可行方法,具有良好的目标捕获精度.讨论了增益参数的影响,以评估所提出的方法.     

战斗机末端机动的非线性模型预测控制规避策略

利用非线性模型预测控制的思想建立了战斗机末端规避导弹的机动策略求解方法。根据导弹与战机的空战态势,建立了导弹与战机的相对运动微分方程;将导弹的导引律引入到导弹运动模型中,与飞机模型一起构建了系统预测模型,并对飞机和导弹的运动约束进行了分析。通过对导弹结构限制和战术特性的分析,给出了飞机机动规避导弹的性能指标,进而建立了机动规避导弹的最优控制模型。利用高斯伪谱法对模型进行求解,采用滚动优化策略实现了对机动规避策略的闭环求解。针对导弹气动参数和导航比未知以及相对测量量具有噪声的问题,利用极大似然法对导弹的气动参数和导航比进行估计,实现了对系统预测模型的反馈校正。仿真结果表明,此方法能够实现对导弹的机动规避。     

基于NMPC的战斗机末端机动规避策略

利用非线性模型预测控制（nonlinear model predictive control,NMPC）的思想建立了战机末端规避导弹的机动策略求解方法。根据导弹与战机的空战态势,建立了导弹与战机的相对运动微分方程;将导弹的导引律引入到导弹运动模型中,与飞机模型一起构建了系统预测模型,并对飞机和导弹的运动约束进行了分析。通过对导弹结构限制和战术特性的分析,给出了飞机机动规避导弹的性能指标,进而建立了机动规避导弹的最优控制模型。利用高斯伪谱法对模型进行求解,采用滚动优化策略实现了对机动规避策略的闭环求解。针对导弹气动参数和导航比未知以及相对测量量具有噪声的问题,利用极大似然法对导弹的气动参数和导航比进行估计,实现了对系统预测模型的反馈校正。仿真结果表明,此方法能够实现对导弹的机动规避。     

基于多方法协作优化方法的非壅塞式固体火箭冲压发动机导弹一体化优化设计

固体火箭冲压发动机和导弹性能相互之间紧密耦合。从导弹总体方案设计阶段引入一体化设计思想,能充分发挥和协调好固体火箭冲压发动机和导弹的性能,提高了导弹的总体设计水平。采用基于遗传算法、Powell法和模式搜索法的多方法协作优化方法进行了以非壅塞式固体火箭冲压发动机为动力的导弹总体一体化优化设计。算例表明,采用该多方法协作优化方法进行一体化优化设计,可以协调导弹的总体参数,提高导弹的总体性能。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.