注入水对樊4块的伤害及增注解堵措施实验研究

胜利油区樊家油田樊4块属低渗透储层.采用静态分析与动态流动实验相结合的方法,研究了东营组注入水对储层的伤害,并针对主要伤害因素研究了增注解堵措施.结果表明:注入水对该储层的伤害因素主要有水敏性伤害、悬浮物堵塞和结垢伤害;注水前对储层使用KS-1粘土稳定剂处理可显著提高储层的渗流能力;15%HCl可有效地解除注入水中悬浮颗粒对储层的堵塞伤害,是该储层注入水伤害后解堵的首选酸液.     

低渗透水敏性油藏粘土稳定剂室内评价

总结分析了胜利油区低渗透油藏水敏性伤害特征,针对低渗油藏的储层特征研制了KS-1粘土稳定剂,利用胜利油区5个低渗透区块中等～强水敏性的天然岩心及现场水源水,通过静态观测和动态流动实验对该粘土稳定剂与水源水的配伍性、使用浓度和注入量、使用温度、长效性等性能参数进行了室内评价.结果认为:胜利油区47.7%低渗透油藏样品存在中等～强水敏性伤害,KS-1粘土稳定剂使用浓度和注入量对其粘土稳定效果有较大影响,KS-1粘土稳定剂与水源水配伍性好、适应高温地层奈件、耐冲刷性能强、粘土稳定效果好,是低渗透水敏性油藏的一项重要粘土稳定措施,它的研制成功对提高该类油藏的注水开发水平具有重要意义.     

氯化钙和尿素对珊瑚砂胶结的影响

使用不同浓度氯化钙、尿素以及氯化钙尿素混合溶液浸泡珊瑚砂试样,干燥后得到具有一定强度的珊瑚砂柱,研究其表观、强度和微观结构特性,分析结晶种类和溶液浓度对珊瑚砂胶结的影响。结果表明:尿素结晶对砂土颗粒的胶结作用不明显,试样未能较好成型;氯化钙和氯化钙尿素混合结晶对砂土颗粒的胶结作用较明显,砂柱强度最高接近6 MPa。氯化钙胶结试样强度随溶液浓度增加先增大后减小,溶液浓度为3 mol/L左右时强度最大;混合溶液胶结试样强度随溶液浓度增加而不断增大。3种胶结试样微观图像的灰度熵、欧拉数和孔隙的定向度、分布分维随溶液浓度增加而减小;颗粒定向度和分布分维随溶液浓度增加而增大。氯化钙和氯化钙尿素混合溶液胶结试样颗粒面积比例、颗粒与孔隙圆形度均大于尿素胶结试样。     

粉末燃料冲压发动机内镁粉尘云层流燃烧模型

对粉末燃料冲压发动机预燃室内镁粉尘云燃烧过程进行了研究,建立了镁粉尘云的一维层流预混燃烧模型。研究表明,镁粉尘云层流火焰传播很稳定,燃烧过程中火焰结构基本不变,燃烧区很薄,而预热区厚度约是燃烧区的2-3倍。粉尘云中镁颗粒的蒸发和气相镁与氧气的均相反应是产生火焰的直接原因,也是火焰得以传播的关键。预热区气相温度升高主要靠燃烧区气体的导热和扩散过来的气相镁与氧气反应释放热量,而预热区颗粒相温度升高主要靠气相对其对流传热。分析了各参数对粉尘云燃烧的影响,颗粒相对浓度对粉尘云燃烧的影响比较复杂,在浓度较低的情况下,增大颗粒相对浓度有利于粉尘云快速燃烧;而在浓度较高的情况下,增大颗粒相对浓度则不利于粉尘云快速燃烧。随颗粒粒径的增加,火焰传播速度减小,火焰温度升高,预热区厚度增大。火焰传播速度和火焰温度随粉尘云初温增加线性增长,预热区厚度随粉尘云初温增加抛物线增长。数值模拟与文献中试验结果的变化趋势相一致。     

面向Bayer真彩色航空影像特征匹配的彩色描述符适用性分析

针对Bayer真彩色遥感影像进行特征匹配时,彩色描述符的效果与适用性问题一直研究较少。结合Bayer真彩色遥感影像成像变化规律和彩色描述符算法特点,从理论上分析彩色描述符的不变性。提出模拟数据评价、不同类别影像评价、任务总体适用性评价等三种实验方法对彩色描述符适用性进行实验验证和分析。通过理论分析和实验评估,总体上彩色描述符中RGBSIFT算法效果最优,对Bayer真彩色航空影像特征匹配有较好的适用性,并且不同地物属性影像在特征匹配时有不同的最优彩色描述符。     

一种基于改进SIFT的航拍图像自动配准算法

针对传统SIFT算法匹配时间长、错匹配较多等问题,提出了一种基于改进SIFT特征的航拍图像自动配准算法.首先,通过特征点检测时设定检测极值点数目,按照DOG空间层次结构由粗到精来搜索特征点,并使用改进的SIFT特征描述符生成算法;其次,利用最近邻匹配准则进行初步匹配得到初始匹配点对,并采用双向匹配方法对匹配特征点对进行筛选;然后,基于马氏距离的特征点相似度量方法进行二次匹配,并使用RANSAC算法求取仿射变换模型;最后,通过双线性插值对变换后的图像进行重采样和插值.实验结果表明:该算法可以实现航拍图像之间的有效配准,在配准性能上优于传统SIFT算法.     

基于点模式匹配的雷达航迹与航行计划匹配算法

在雷达航迹与航行计划匹配时,针对传统算法对单点信息依赖程度较高,在信息缺失、目标机动等情况下匹配效果差的问题,提出了一种基于滑窗的改进点模式匹配算法。首先,提取了雷达航迹多特征点,利用特征点集弥补单点信息的不足,通过简化匹配分数的计算,降低了点模式匹配复杂度。仿真实验结果表明,改进的点模式匹配算法显著提高了信息缺失、目标机动等情况下的匹配正确率。     

不同分散剂对纳米SiO_2水中分散的影响

选取六偏磷酸钠(SHMP)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)及KCl作分散剂,并采用超声分散方法,制备纳米SiO2悬浮液,对纳米SiO2的水中分散性能进行研究。测试分散体系中纳米SiO2粒子的粒径及分布、Zeta电位及透光率,探讨了不同分散剂对纳米SiO2分散性能的影响。结果表明:不同分散剂对纳米SiO2的粒径都有明显影响,但粒径分布宽度差别较大;同在分散粒径较小的条件下,分别添加3种分散剂的悬浮液体系具有不同的稳定性,其中含SDBS的分散体系因静电和空间位阻的作用而表现出良好的分散稳定性。     

一种基于SIFT特征的抗几何攻击水印算法研究

尺度不变特征变换描述子已经应用于数字图像水印的构造,但图像存在相似区域时易造成误匹配问题,基于此提出一种改进的RIT—SIFT数字图像水印算法．水印嵌入时先对图像进行分块,然后将水印分别嵌入子块的非下采样Contourlet变换低频子带中,既简化了水印嵌人又增加了嵌入容量．图像匹配时利用SIFT算法在原始图像中寻找局部特征点,将旋转不变纹理特征信息融合到传统SIFT特征向量中,更加全面地描述图像信息,提高了匹配精度．实验结果表明,提出的算法是有效的,对全局和局部几何攻击、组合攻击以及常规攻击均具有很好的鲁棒性．     

含孔洞铜板复合材料修复疲劳寿命数值分析

用ANSYS有限元软件对复合材料修复含中心圆孔钢板的疲劳寿命进行了数值分析。研究了孔洞大小、补片长度、宽度和厚度对钢板疲劳寿命的影响;分析了复合材料胶接修补的效果,并对修复所用的复合材料补片的大小及厚度进行了优化设计。研究结果表明,利用复合材料胶接修补带中心圆孔的钢板可以使其疲劳性能提高1.6~18倍。修补时,增加补片宽度和厚度都可增加结构疲劳寿命;补片宽度为孔径8倍以上时,增加宽度对疲劳寿命影响不大;补片的长度为孔径的3~4倍时,修复效果最佳。     

湍流射流火焰中煤粉颗粒尺寸和结构的变化

采用湍流煤粉射流火焰模拟实际工业煤粉燃烧中的迅速热解,取样分析实验研究煤粉热解过程中颗粒尺寸和内部结构的变化。结果表明：在热解过程中煤粉颗粒体积发生了明显的膨胀,膨胀程度强烈地依赖于颗粒的初始尺寸和加热速率;热解时挥发份的迅速释放及煤的热塑性导致了颗粒内部的空心结构,这种结构有效地提高炭粒的燃烧速率。     

粉末粒度对储氢电极电化学性能的影响

以M1（NiCoMnTi）5为例,系统研究了粉末粒度对储氢电极电化学性能的影响。结果表明,在试验粒度范围内,合金粉越细,其放电容量越高,高倍率放电性能和循环稳定性也越好;将两种不同粒度的合金粉混合使用时,粒径相差越大,其放电容量越高。且当粗细粉质量比为7：3时,放电容量最高。     

微乳液法在纳米催化剂制备中的应用及研究进展

综述了微乳液法制备纳米催化剂的基本原理和主要方法以及近年来在催化剂制备中的一些应用.对微乳液法制备纳米催化剂的一些影响因素:如水的含量及表面活性剂的结构和种类对微乳液"水池"尺寸的影响以及对最终形成的纳米粒子粒径的影响,反应物浓度对形成的纳米催化剂粒子的粒度大小和分布的影响,负载粒子对催化剂粒子烧结温度及稳定性等多方面的影响进行了探讨与分析,并对该领域的研究发展作了展望.     

烟雾干扰光学制导武器中Mie散射系数快速算法

烟雾干扰光学制导武器中烟雾中的颗粒物的浓度、平均粒径的精确测量是评价武器隐蔽效果的关键指标。Mie散射中的消光系数计算是烟雾中颗粒物的平均粒径和浓度测量中的关键步骤。在传统Mie散射计算的基础上提出一种适用不同颗粒大小和复折射率的Mie散射系数算法。推导了散射系数计算公式,分析了不同折射率和粒径的递推公式。计算表明,该方法的计算精度高、范围广、时间短,适用于干扰烟雾中生成颗粒物的平均粒径和浓度在线测量。     

Modeling mechanical behaviors of composites with various ratios of matrixeinclusion properties using movable cellular automaton method

Two classes of composite materials are considered: classical metaleceramic composites with reinforcing hard inclusions as well as hard ceramics matrix with soft gel inclusions. Movable cellular automaton method is used for modeling the mechanical behaviors of such different heterogeneous materials. The method is based on particle approach and may be considered as a kind of discrete element method. The main feature of the method is the use of many-body forces of inter-element interaction within the formalism of simply deformable element approximation. It was shown that the strength of reinforcing particles and the width of particle-binder interphase boundaries had determining influence on the service characteristics of metaleceramic composite. In particular, the increasing of strength of carbide inclusions may lead to significant increase in the strength and ultimate strain of composite material. On the example of porous zirconia ceramics it was shown that the change in the mechanical properties of pore surface leads to the corresponding change in effective elastic modulus and strength limit of the ceramic sample. The less is the pore size, the more is this effect. The increase in the elastic properties of pore surface of ceramics may reduce its fracture energy.     

Research on simultaneous localization and mapping for AUV by an improved method: Variance reduction FastSLAM with simulated annealing

At present, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a research hotspot. Aiming at the problem of non-linear model and non-Gaussian noise in AUV motion, an improved method of variance reduction fast simultaneous localization and mapping (FastSLAM) with simulated annealing is proposed to solve the problems of particle degradation, particle depletion and particle loss in traditional FastSLAM, which lead to the reduction of AUV location estimation accuracy. The adaptive exponential fading factor is generated by the anneal function of simulated annealing algorithm to improve the effective particle number and replace resampling. By increasing the weight of small particles and decreasing the weight of large particles, the variance of particle weight can be reduced, the number of effective particles can be increased, and the accuracy of AUV location and feature location estimation can be improved to some extent by retaining more information carried by particles. The experimental results based on trial data show that the proposed simulated annealing variance reduction FastSLAM method avoids particle degradation, maintains the diversity of particles, weakened the degeneracy and improves the accuracy and stability of AUV navigation and localization system.     

基于分层核粒子滤波的快速运动目标跟踪

针对目标发生快速、运动不规则及遮挡等情况下的跟踪问题,提出了一种分层核采样策略。首先通过先验转移和后验转移分别预测2组粒子来建立联合分布,利用聚类算法近似联合分布粒子集的混合高斯分布;然后对每个聚类进行采样;最后采用均值漂移算法将粒子移动到后验密度的局部极值处。实验结果表明:算法在目标发生快速机动情况时,跟踪性能优于传统粒子滤波、核粒子滤波及分层粒子滤波,且对遮挡具有较好的鲁棒性。     

Force chains based mesoscale simulation on the dynamic response of Al-PTFE granular composites

Force chains based mesoscale simulation is conducted to investigate the response behavior of aluminum-polytetrafluoroethylene (Al-PTFE) granular composites under a low-velocity impact. A two-dimensional model followed the randomly normal distribution of real Al particles size is developed. The dynamic compressive process of Al-PTFE composites with varied Al mass fraction is simulated and validated against the experiments. The results indicate that, force chains behavior governed by the number and the size of agglomerated Al particles, significantly affects the impact response of the material. The failure mode of the material evolves from shear failure of matrix to debonding failure of particles with increasing density. A high crack area of the material is critical mechanism to arouse the initiation re-action. The damage maintained by force chains during large plastic strain builds up more local stresses concentration to enhance a possible reaction performance. In addition, simulation is performed with identical mass fraction but various Al size distribution to explore the effects of size centralization and dispersion on the mechanical properties of materials. It is found that smaller sized Al particle of com-posites are more preferred than its bulky material in ultimate strength. Increasing dispersed degree is facilitated to create stable force chains in samples with comparable particle number. The simulation studies provide further insights into the plastic deformation, failure mechanism, and possible energy release capacity for Al-PTFE composites, which is helpful for further design and application of reactive materials.     

Experimental Research on Dynamic Erosion of EPDM Insulation Subjected to Particle-Laden Flow

The instantaneous degradation of erosion surface of ethylene propylene diene monomer(EPDM)insulation subjected to the particle-laden flow in two operating conditions was measured by using a real-time X-ray radiography system.The images of its erosion state and dynamic ablation rate were obtained.And the charring-layer was analyzed by using SEM and energy spectrum.The experimental results indicate that the erosion rate of EPDM insulation layer impacted by low speed and low concentration particle flow is relatively small in the 1st second since the motor starting,but increases rapidly in 1 to 2.5 s,while the erosion rate of EPDM insulation layer impacted by high speed and high concentration particle flow increases rapidly in the 1st second;the ablation rate at the section eroded intensively by particle flow increases at first,then decreases,and goes to stabilization after 4.5 s;the higher speed and concentration particle flow are,the deeper particles get into charring layer,which lead to more thermal increment and thinner charring layer.