导弹装配角误差传播建模研究

装配过程的误差建模是分析装配精度的重要手段之一。通过分析影响导弹装配结果的尺寸和形位精度、装夹定位精度,将装配误差源分为工装装夹精度和产品制造精度2类,不同形式的误差通过虚拟夹具的概念进行统一表达,基于误差流理论对导弹装配建立误差传播的状态空间模型,求出该过程的状态空间表达式,应用该模型对装配过程中的角误差进行分析。将分析得到的结果同蒙特卡罗仿真的结果进行比较,2种方法的相对误差小于3%,说明该方法可行。该方法的优势在于可分析复杂装配过程,还可对各工序装配效果进行观测及向后分析。     

车身焊装公差及加工基准简要研究

为获得良好的车身品质，首先，车身装配零部件应具有合理的尺寸精度，容差分配方法是合理地将车身外观公差分配给每个零组件，确定在保证外观公差的前提下每个零组件容许的公差的一种方法，以此提高零部件互换性和相互之间的协调性。这种方法适用于所有车身装配部件，尤其是点焊部件。     

工业火雷管与工业导火索配合尺寸公差的探讨

目前,火雷管起爆法在我国工程爆破作业中仍被广泛采用。工业火雷管与工业导火索的配合尺寸公差的大小可直接影响使用的效果。下面就对 GB 13230—91《工业火雷管》和 GB 9108—1995《工业导火索》中规定的尺寸公差在执行过程中存在的问题进行探讨。     

平行燃面推移方法在Pro/E软件上的应用

燃面推移的实体造型法与药形结合比较紧密,精度有所保证,可以直观显示不同时刻装药的构型以及面积、体积等相关信息。根据平行层燃烧规律,推导出"点推球,线推管,面平移"的几何推移规律,同时基于Pro/E Wildfire4.0软件的功能应用,介绍了使用Pro/E进行燃面推移的基本假设原则、常用的软件工具以及一般步骤,并进行了实例简介,最终得出结论。     

基于ADAMS的某榴弹发射器虚拟样机仿真及其动力学特性分析

用Pro/E建立某自动榴弹发射器的三维实体模型,并通过Mechanism/Pro模块将其导入到多体动力学仿真软件ADAMS中,通过对其各个部件施加约束、运动和力,建立了该发射器的虚拟样机模型.利用该虚拟样机模型,结合实验数据和理论数据对榴弹发射器系统进行了单发和连发射击时仿真结果的对比,证明了虚拟样机的可信性,以虚拟样机为工具,分析了发射器系统射击时的动力学特性,得出了一些有价值的结论.     

舰船摇荡作用下可调发射基座调高过程的刚柔耦合建模与仿真

为解决通用发射系统因适装武器长度差异而导致的换弹低效问题,提出了一种可调发射基座,该基座可实现舰基座之上两态高度调节与自锁。以可调基座升降系统为研究对象,基于刚柔耦合计算方法,运用ADAMS虚拟样机技术建立其刚柔耦合动力学模型,仿真分析了该升降系统在舰船摇荡作用下的运动学和动力学特性,并得出系统中关键构件的模态振型和工作过程中的应力应变情况,基于Pro/E平台完成三维建模与虚拟装配。仿真结果为可调基座的动力学结构和相关参数的改进和优化提供了模型基础和数据支撑。     

复杂零件产品虚拟开发技术研究

本文针对复杂零件产品制造精度要求高,工艺性差,残次品率高,生产周期长等特点,在探讨虚拟产品开发技术及其原型系统的基础上,提出了一种复杂零件产品开发的新模式：即在虚拟状态下对产品进行构思、设计、分析、仿真、装配、测试、性能及经济性评估、快速原型及产品数据管理等。     

小波变换在零件边缘检测中的应用

目前对机械零件的尺寸、口径等参数的测量大多采用接触测量,而利用零件图像的边缘信息进行非接触测量,则是一种新的更好的检测方式。用此方法可以对机械零件图像的边缘进行精确的检测,再根据相应的数学关系得到相关参数的值,不但可以提高零件检测的精度,还可以大大节省人力和物力。模拟边缘检测技术的具体过程,依次采用最佳阈值迭代算法、小波变换模极大值法、边缘连接局部处理法对零件图像边缘信息进行边缘检测和提取,并对检测过程进行了重点分述。最后,通过一个具体实验,验证了小波技术与其他技术结合使用所获得的良好效果,从而进一步显示了小波变换在边缘检测技术中应用的巨大潜力。     

基于ADAMS的某型高射机枪虚拟样机建模与仿真

在分析某型高射机枪射击过程中各构件的运动以及相互作用的基础上,利用Pro/E和ADAMS软件建立该高射机枪的虚拟样机模型,并对其自动机运动特性进行仿真校核,证明虚拟样机建立的可信性,为该枪进一步的仿真研究奠定基础。     

基于状态空间模型的航天器装配角偏误差研究

装配过程的误差建模是分析装配误差的重要手段之一。通过分析影响航天器装配结果的尺寸和形位误差、装夹定位误差,将其装配的偏差源分为夹具装夹误差和舱段制造误差两类。并将不同形式的误差通过虚拟夹具的概念进行了统一的表达,进而基于误差流理论针对航天器舱段建立其误差传播的状态空间模型,求出了该过程的状态空间表达式,应用该模型对装配过程中的角偏误差进行了分析。将分析得到的结果同蒙特卡洛仿真的结果进行了比较,两种方法的相对误差小于3%,说明了该方法的可行性。该方法的优势在于它不仅可以分析复杂装配过程,还可以对各工位的装配效果进行观测,从而进行向后分析。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.