变适中的安全观及对军事经济的若干启示

相对于单一的军事安全,经济安全在新时期受到更大的重视。在此讨论了军事安全和经济安全的一般关系,认为经济安全是军事安全的基础,军事安全是经济安全的前提,二者是军事经济学基本规律的延伸,在不同历史时期扮演不同角色,既有必须联系,又存在一定矛盾。并据此对新时期我国军事经济战略、政策选择进行了探讨。     

经济全球化背景下中国军事经济发展“战略机遇期”的把握

在经济全球化的大趋势下,随着我国加入WTO及对外开放的扩大,中国军事经济发展面临一个前所未有的"战略机遇期"。把握好这一"战略机遇期",必须认清,在经济全球化背景下,中国军事经济发展的必然趋势;明确经济全球化给中国军事经济发展带来的机遇和挑战:确立经济全球化背景下中国军事经济发展的基本思路。     

党的三代领导核心关于军事经济建设道路的比较研究

党的三代领导核心在领导人民军队进行军事经济建设的伟大实践中,通过对不同时期军事斗争局势的科学判断,探索了各具特色和重点的军事经济建设道路。根据不同发展道路所依附的社会背景,新时期我国军事经济发展道路是;继续为国家经济建设“让路”,提高军民兼容程度;立足打赢高技术局部战争,提高军事经济建设的科技含量;顺应经济全球化的趋势,加强军事经济自身安全的防范;适应跨世纪市场经济进一步发展和国家西部大开发战略的要求,重塑军事经济运行机制。     

经济全球化背景下国家利益发展与我国安全战略选择

在经济全球化背景下拓展国家利益发展，必须关注战略资源与战略通道的安全、海外利益的保护、战略利益空间的拓展、危机管理和国际责任分担等问题。维护国家战略安全，应加强军事安全与军力建设，加快经济安全与经济发展速度，并注意综合安全问题与不同安全手段的合力运用。     

我国军事安全中军人的责任

经济全球化背景下各国维护军事安全的任务越来越严峻,情况越来越复杂。冷战结束后,国际形势总体上趋向缓和,世界多极化和经济全球化的趋势都在发展。但是,影响世界和平与稳定的因素依然很多,军事安全因素在国际关系中的作用仍然比较突出。目前,我国的军事安全形势不容乐观,在“新干涉主义”理论驱使下,个别西方大国竭力阻止我国发展强大。在国外敌对势力干预下,分裂国家活动日益猖獗。在“中国威胁论”的影响下,我国周边安全环境依然严峻。因此,应提高对国家军事安全的认识,站在战略高度重新审视国家军事安全问题,牢固树立“国无防不安”的…     

论经济全球化对我国军事安全的影响

经济全球化是当今世界的重要发展趋势。研究经济全球化对我国军事安全的影响和对策,是维护我国军事安全所面临的现实任务。经济全球化的发展,军队作为维护国家安全的基础性力量,遇到了不可避免的挑战和重大压力。经济全球化的发展,要求树立新的军事安全观念,明确新的军队建设思路,探索新的国际军事合作体制,运用新的手段维护国家安全。     

研讨邓小平新时期军事经济理论推动军事经济工作深入发展

10月26日至29日,由中国军事科学学会、全军军事经济研究中心共同举办的邓小平新时期军事经济理论研讨会在武汉军事经济学院举行。会议以邓小平新时期军事经济理论为指导,对邓小平同志关于国防建设、军队建设服从和服务于国家经济建设大局的理论;军事经济战略的制定要以国家经济实力和经济潜力为基础、要与国家安全利益相适应的理论;军队应走精兵之路、培养军地两用人才的理论;国防工业必须走“军民结合、平战结合、军品优先、以民养军”的发展道路的理论;努力发展军事科学技术的理论;军事经济建设必须以提高效益为核心的理论等进行了探讨。与会代表提交的70多篇论文,反映了全军邓小平新时期军事经济理论研究的最新成果,具有较高的学术水平。     

经济全球化对我国军事经济的影响和对策

文章从探讨经济全球化的表现形式和主要特征入手,分析了经济全球化给我国军事经济发展带来的机遇和挑战,进而提出了把握机遇、迎接挑战,确保我国军事经济安全和高效运行的应对之策。     

论邓小平新时期中国海防建设思想

邓小平根据我国安全战略环境以及国家发展战略和军事战略的需要,对加强我国新时期海防建设做出了一系列重要论述和决策,形成了具有中国特色的海防建设思想。邓小平的海防建设思想,反映了时代发展对中国海防事业提出的新要求,对建设21世纪强大的中国海防具有重要的指导意义。一、根据国际军事斗争的特点和中国海洋安全的实际,提出新时期积极防御的海防战略在新的历史条件下,中国的海防建设与发展面临着机遇与挑战。海洋经济的发展和海上方向的安全环境问题,是关系到国家安危、民族生存和发展的重大问题。邓小平根据国家战略立足于世界“和平…     

当前世界各国国家安全战略走向及启示

在21世纪,政治多极化、经济全球化、恐怖主义威胁以及新一轮世界军事革命导致着国际战略格局以及国际安全环境风云变幻。面对诡谲多变国际安全环境,世界各国竟相调整各自国家安全战略。因应世界各国国家安全战略的调整,我国也要采取相应的对策,以为我国社会主义和谐社会的建设谋求一个良好的国际安全环境。     

Turkey-Africa alliance: Evolving patterns in security relations

ABSTRACT

Turkey has maintained its strategic relations with Africa at the highest level under recent AK Party governments in the field not only of low politics but also of high politics. For example, it opened its largest overseas military base in Somalia in 2017 and signed military, defense and security pacts with more than 25 African countries. This article traces the deep historical and cultural relations with Africa behind its newly evolving foreign policy identity, arguing that its booming economic power has been a significant driving force in shaping a new security strategy. It examines what the growing security involvement means for both Turkey and Africa in order to contribute to the relevant literature through a holistic approach from both theoretical and conceptual perspectives.     

全球治理视角下奥巴马政府太空战略解读

作为重要的全球公域范围与全球治理对象之一,太空既面临着日益严峻的资源、环境与安全问题,又不断彰显着其极具地缘政治意义的战略地位,攸关国家利益与安全。自进入太空时代以来,争夺和维持太空领域的领先地位一直是美国不懈追求的目标。美国的经济、军事等国家实力越来越依赖太空,同时其太空资产的脆弱性也愈发凸显。面对新的国际国内形势与外空态势的复合挑战,奥巴马政府适时调整了美国的太空战略。文章以全球公域和全球治理为切入视角,在分析太空领域全球治理现状的基础上,从太空活动行为准则的制定、太空国际合作的深入、太空军备竞赛的规制三个层面解读奥巴马政府的新版太空战略,并探讨其深层次的动因与影响,进而为中国参与太空领域的全球治理提供有益的理论支撑与现实参考。     

军事院校推动国家安全教育研究

提出互联网+时代军队院校面临与军队新型作战能力培养有关的国家安全时代课题,从整合新媒体网络资源、依托校园文化平台、构建国家安全教育体系三方面进行了对策分析,重点探索与新军事变革密切相关的"文化安全、军事话语传播、地缘政治"等议题,以学术活动的顶层设计将国家安全教育融入军事院校学员具有中国特色的军事理论创新。     

‘LAYERED RESPONSE’ TO AN AFRICAN CONFLICT

It is almost universally accepted that security is achieved by having a strong mititary. South African defence policy and practice is based squarely on such thinking. Yet this thinking can be challenged at a number of levels. In particular, it is not consistent with new thinking about security, in which territorial security is far less important, for example, than poverty and inequality; it is not consistent with present or conceivable future threats faced by the nation; and military expenditure hinders economic growth and thereby development. The article presents a number of alternative ways of achieving security that are, arguably, less costly and more effective than a conventional military. It concludes by sketching some or the broad features of a demilitarised society and some of the major tasks of demilitarisation. Chief among these will be to change the way people think about the military and security.     

美国太空安全领域最新发展分析

美国认为太空已被普遍认定为最重要的作战域之一,未来的太空安全态势将愈发严峻。本文认为, 美国正面向未来太空对抗环境进行全面转型, 从顶层战略、作战理论、组织结构、战备训练、装备技术等方面开展研究、调整和长远布局, 如以我为主要对手谋划布局、发布系列军事航天顶层指导文件、大幅增加太空攻防作战相关经费投入等。 目前, 美军正处于新旧体系转换、 下一代能力构建发展的关键期, 不仅正在变革军队组织体制、重组太空攻防作战力量, 还积极开展系列演习演训, 以加速形成太空攻防实战能力。美军这一系列动向将对未来太空领域安全与发展产生重大影响, 应引起我高度重视。     

‘Blackmailing the army’ – ‘Strategic Military Refusal’ as policy and doctrine enforcement: the formation of a new security agent

The study shows how ‘strategic military refusal’ in Israel developed as a rational and institutional means to influence security policies. As opposed to the perspective that sees military refusal as a spontaneous individual act, the study illustrates how organizations operate to distribute military refusal in order to pressure decision-makers to change their military policies. This strategy has proven to be effective when the military is involved with groups that threaten it with refusal – which threatens the military's operational ability and its official and apolitical image. These include soldiers whose civilian authorities, rather than their military commanders, are perceived as an epistemic authority regarding security issues. The case study refers to the impact of strategic military refusal in Israel on security policies and the military doctrine. This was influenced by leftist groups, which, although they belonged to the parliamentary opposition, had dominant presence in the military ranks. Furthermore, the study examines the effect of the use of strategic military refusal on the model of military recruitment.     

CIVILIANISING MILITARY FUNCTIONS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

The privatization of activities previously performed by government has been a major characteristic of economic policies over the past two decades. This article examines the potential for privatization of military activities in the African context. Four categories in which this has or might occur are mercenaries employed by a government to provide for defence or to supplement its own military; private security company personnel employed to protect economic assets or to advise and train the local military; the contracting out of the provision of goods and services ranging from heavy weapons through to accounting services; and the transfer of non-core activities currently undertaken by the military to other government departments or civilian bodies. Of these, the last is of potential importance in Africa, given the wide range of activities which its militaries have come to perform. Three examples where private sector organisations or other government departments could play a much larger and probably more cost-effective role are peacekeeping, internal security and surveillance, resource protection and rescue activities.     

MILITARY EXPENDITURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

This paper tests the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth by including the impact of the share of military and civilian components of government expenditure in an economic growth model with endogenous technology. In this framework, we empirically consider the hypothesis of a non‐linear effect of military expenditure on economic growth. Differences between the costs and benefits of the defence sector has traditionally explained the non‐linear relationship suggesting that shocks to insecurity may also be a source of non‐linearity as they determine a re‐allocative effect within government expenditure. While parametric partial correlations are in line with empirical findings, the robustness of estimations is tested by using a non‐parametric approach. The negative relationship between military expenditure and growth in countries with high levels of military burden predicted by theory becomes significant only after including a proxy for re‐allocative effects in the growth equation.     

From first to third stream activities in higher education: the case of the Spanish Defence University centre

The paper adds to the debate on the relationship between military spending and economic growth by analysing the contribution of a military university centre to regional economic development. It goes beyond traditional economic impact studies by including research related effects and integrating “third stream” activities. Conceptualization and categorization are carried out to thoroughly analyse the different dimensions of knowledge and “third stream” actions. The analysis is performed from its settlement and during its first 5 years of existence which allows showing how the strategy of community engagement is developed. The conclusion suggests that, as traditional military roles extend, and military education institutions become higher education institutions, a comprehensive evaluation should be taken into account to enrich the public debate on government spending.     

Soldiers as victims: behind military barracks in the post-colonial African army

This paper examines the ways in which the military infringes on the social and political rights of soldiers who joined the Zimbabwe National Army in post-independence Zimbabwe. Contrary to the scholarly and policy debates that present Zimbabwean soldiers as the silent prop behind President Robert Mugabe and the perpetrators of political violence, this paper argues that these soldiers have also been victimised in army barracks. The victimhood of soldiers has been explicit in the ways in which they are forced to execute their duties beyond their professional expectations. In substantiating this argument, the paper explores the unethical military training and the ways in which soldiers are disciplined and punished through Chapter 11:02 of the draconian Defence Act. The paper’s contribution stems from a ‘rights’ perspective that emphasises the right to freedom, justice and protection, which is usually quite silent in the military. But the question is how can soldiers’ concerns be translated into new practices without compromising so-called ‘state security’?