波浪扰动下的小型潜射导弹出水动力学建模与仿真

运用Morison公式,提出波浪扰动作用下,考虑弹体运动与波浪耦合的导弹出水过程动力学模型,并对小型潜射导弹的出水过程进行仿真和分析。以弹体姿态变化为例,研究弹体运动与波浪间的耦合关系对波浪扰动作用的影响,分析海情等级、波浪相位、出水速度、出水姿态角等因素对导弹出水过程的影响。结果表明,考虑弹体运动与波浪间耦合关系的出水动力学模型更加准确;潜射导弹的小型性和快速出水特性有利于降低波浪对导弹出水姿态的影响;对快速出水的潜射导弹,波浪扰动分析时须考虑海情等级、出水时间和波浪相位的影响。     

聚氨酯软管沿程摩阻损失计算新方法

运用材料力学和流体力学基本原理,建立了聚氨酯软管微元段数学模型,探究了管径与内压的变化规律,推导出聚氨酯软管考虑管线膨胀量的沿程摩阻损失计算新方法。利用国家消防装备质量监督检验中心提供的压力损失数据和我军某型输油管线的输送实验记录对新算法进行了验证,对比分析了不同沿程摩阻损失计算方法下长输管线的水力布站结果。结果表明,传统算法由于忽略了聚氨酯软管在承受内压后管径增大的效应,沿程摩阻损失随管线长度的增加而线性增大,计算误差较大;新算法考虑了软管内压升高时管径增大的因素,沿程摩阻损失随管线长度的增加而缓慢增大,比传统算法具有更高的精度,可以提高聚氨酯软管尤其是长距离管线运用的经济性,并可作为考虑管线膨胀因素时软管沿程摩阻损失计算的通用方法。     

海上封锁拦截行动效能分析

结合海军作战基本理论,分析海上封锁拦截行动运行方式;运用搜索论的覆盖率计算理论,建立巡逻搜索效能计算模型;运用排队论分析并建立海上封锁拦截效能的动态评估模型.给出了提高效能的相关建议.     

初速可控舰炮对海上目标命中概率的影响

针对新能源技术发射弹丸初速可控的新特点,研究初速对命中概率的影响。建立海上目标运动模型,利用Cramer-Rao下界理论得到目标运动要素估计误差的计算模型。根据海上目标特点,推导出弹丸外弹道方程及目标命中界计算模型,并对射击误差进行分析,得到弹丸对海上目标的命中概率模型。分析了射击误差、目标距离、弹丸射角和初速对目标命中概率的影响,结果表明对视距内海上目标存在最佳弹丸初速使命中概率达到最大。     

压力测量膜片的形变计算

电容式压力传感器测量膜片的形变,决定了计算压力测量环节中电容值的数学模型.介绍了测量膜片形变方程的建立、推导并对压力测量膜片在不同载荷下的形变特性进行了分析和计算,克服了原有测量膜片形变规律的错误模式.     

冲击波和气泡载荷联合作用下加筋板塑性变形

水下爆炸冲击波和气泡载荷对舰船结构都有不同程度的毁伤作用,计算舰船结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的塑性变形时,需要同时考虑两种载荷的影响.通过对加筋板结构刚塑性分析,运用Lagrangian方程,得到一种计算冲击波和气泡脉动压力波联合作用下加筋板塑性变形的方法.该方法计算结果与试验值和文献值吻合较好.对该计算方法的适用范围进...     

舰炮射击海上弹着点声学测量方法及精度仿真

本文提出了利用声传感器测量舰炮射击海上弹着点的方法,并建立了基本方程。对测量系统的原理和测量信息的传输方式进行了分析,在此基础上,对声传感器位置误差、测时误差及二者综合作用对测量精度的影响分别进行了仿真计算,证明测量原理可行,测量精度满足要求。     

岸滩油料补给装备研制的关键技术

多维力场中浮动输油软管工作可靠性技术和恒张力承载索伺服控制技术,是岸滩油料补给装备研制的两大关键技术。从理论上分析和描述了浮动输油软管在海上的运动及动力学特性,建立了多维力场中软管的数学模型,进而求解,再从技术上寻求有效对策,研究设计了恒张力承载索液压伺服控制绞盘,从而解决了这两大关键技术,为岸滩油料保障装备的研究提供了理论与技术上的支持。     

一种新型主动式波浪补偿系统的原理及数学建模

基于差动行星齿轮传动机构,提出了一种新型主动式波浪补偿系统。介绍了波浪补偿的系统组成,在分析差动行星轮系调速特性的基础上,阐述了波浪补偿系统的工作原理和补偿机制。根据波浪补偿的两个主要目的,按照从补给船吊装载荷到被补给船的整个工作过程,建立了波浪补偿系统的数学模型,为实现系统的计算机控制提供依据。     

基于集对分析的海上油料补给方法选择优化

针对各种复杂环境对海上油料补给方法选择的不确定性影响,在分析海上油料补给方法选择影响因素的基础上,确定了海上油料补给方法选择的属性要素,运用集对分析理论建立了海上油料补给方法选择的优化模型;采用变异系数法计算属性权重,通过构建海上油料补给方法选择的正、负理想方案,确定了各备选方案与理想方案之间的联系度。算例分析结果表明,将集对分析运用于海上油料补给方法的选择,能够有效降低多种复杂因素对油料补给方法选择的不确定性影响。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.