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1.
为深入研究回填压实黄土的压缩变形特性与湿陷变形特性,对新区高填方33 m深度范围内的回填压实黄土开展了一系列室内压缩、固结、湿陷试验。研究结果表明:高填方不同深度现场回填压实黄土均具有中、高压缩性;结构屈服压力对现场回填压实黄土的压缩变形特性和湿陷变形特性均有较大影响,在含水率和压实度相近条件下,结构屈服压力越大,回填压实黄土的压缩性越小;不同深度的现场回填压实黄土均有湿陷性,且均存在峰值湿陷系数,峰值湿陷压力出现在其结构屈服压力附近。试验成果可为制订黄土高填方的施工质量标准提供参考依据。  相似文献   

2.
通过对Q2黄土进行调整吸力的非饱和三轴压缩试验,研究了浸水湿化程度对Q2黄土力学特性的影响。试验表明:不同浸水湿化程度的Q2黄土,其应力应变曲线为弱软化型,浸水湿化程度越高,软化程度越弱,浸水湿化至饱和时可近似看作理想硬化型;轴向应变较小时,Q2黄土的天然结构保持良好,应力随应变的增大而增大,随着轴向应变进一步增大,其天然结构逐渐被破坏,应力随之先缓慢上升后逐渐减小直至稳定;浸水湿化会同时引起土体应力状态和土体结构的改变,屈服应力随浸水湿化程度的提高而减小,在浸水湿化接近饱和时屈服应力变化最快,土体结构变化最大;形成年代早的Q2黄土细粒质量分数高,结构特征区别于Q3黄土,因而呈现出不同的力学特征。  相似文献   

3.
考虑细观结构变化的原状Q3黄土变形和强度特性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究结构性对非饱和原状Q3黄土变形和强度特性的影响,做了12个非饱和原状Q3黄土的CT-三轴侧向卸荷试验。在试验剪切过程中,利用CT机对试样进行跟踪扫描,共得到168张CT图像。基于试验数据建立了细观结构参数,并利用该参数来反映非饱和原状Q3黄土的变形和强度特性,从而得到能反映细观结构性影响的非线性应力-应变关系以及摩尔-库伦强度公式。  相似文献   

4.
对宁夏扶贫扬黄灌溉工程十一号泵站地基的原状自重湿陷性黄土进行了系统的非饱和土试验研究,包括土水特征曲线试验、直剪试验、各向同性三轴压缩试验和控制吸力的三轴湿陷试验.试验结果表明:吸力不超过200 kPa时,原状土的持水能力高于重塑土,当吸力超过200 kPa后,两种土的土水特征曲线相接近;原状黄土的内摩擦角随吸力基本不变,总粘聚力随吸力的增加而线性增加;不同吸力下的屈服净平均应力随着吸力的增大而增大,屈服后的压缩指数随吸力增大而减小;同一净围压和偏应力下,随吸力的增加湿陷变形增加;净围压对湿陷变形有一定影响.  相似文献   

5.
利用MTS~810型材料伺服试验机对应急机场道面沥青混凝土进行了高温条件下车辙试验和蠕变试验。试验结果表明:随应力的增大,沥青混凝土的弹性应变增大,塑性应力增大,破坏时间提前,应变的发展速度越来越快;得出了应急机场道面沥青混凝土的粘、弹性参数与应力的关系及本构模型;求出了不同机型的不同胎压作用下应急机场面层沥青混凝土的动稳定度;根据应急机场跑道上的飞机重复作用次数及车辙试验结果,计算了不同胎压作用下应急机场沥青混凝土面层的变形厚度,在允许寿命内面层沥青混凝土的动稳定度满足要求。  相似文献   

6.
挤密桩地基非饱和黄土变形强度特性的三轴试验研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
用非饱和土三轴仪和GDS应力路径三轴仪对兰州张家台变电站工地挤密桩复合地基桩间非饱和黄土和原状黄土进行系统的试验研究,通过同时控制吸力和净室压力的三轴排水剪切试验,分析探讨了挤密桩间黄土和原状饱和黄土的应力-应变性状及强度规律,得到了各自的变形和强度参数,并将这些参数进行了比较和分析,利用规范推荐的方法量化了灰土挤密桩对桩间非饱和黄土在地基承载力方面的改善作用。  相似文献   

7.
重塑非饱和含粘砂土变形强度特性的三轴试验   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
利用多功能土工三轴仪探讨了非饱和含粘砂土的变形和强度特性,共进行3种应力路径的三轴试验:控制吸力的各向同性压缩试验、控制净平均应力的三轴收缩试验、控制吸力和净围压为常数的三轴排水剪切试验。研究结果表明:该土的屈服净平均应力和偏应力都随吸力增大;在净平均应力不变的条件下,该土的屈服吸力是一常数但不等于土样在历史上曾受过的最大吸力;随着净围压增大,其应力-应变曲线由软化向硬化型转变;在高吸力高围压下,呈现脆性破坏。控制吸力和净围压为常数的三轴排水剪切试验在p—q平面内的强度包络线为直线;在试验研究的吸力范围(50~200kPa)内,该土的粘聚力随吸力线性增加;内摩擦角随吸力的变化很小,可以认为是一常数;该土具有显著的剪胀特性,剪胀性不仅取决于千密度与围压,而且还与吸力密切相关。  相似文献   

8.
薄板压缩试验主要存在三个问题:压缩时为了避免试件失稳,必须采取侧向约束,但随之带来了试件与约束装置间的摩擦力影响了试验的精度;约束装置虽然防止了试件整体失稳,但露在约束装置外的部分还存在局部失稳的问题,板越薄这问题越严重,它影响到试验能否顺利进行;试验时试件几乎全部被约束装置夹住,而又要求快速地精确测量试件标距内的变形,并自动描绘出应力应变曲线。本文详细讨论解决这些问题的方法, 前达到:能够测试厚度不小于0.185mm的铝合金薄板;从自动描绘的应力应变曲线上判读得的弹性模量E和条件屈服强度σ_(0.2)的误差分别为±2%、±1%;每测一片试件仅需10分钟。基本解决了常温薄板压缩试验存在的问题。  相似文献   

9.
针对丙烯酸类介电弹性体膜的本构关系,采用最小二乘算法得到了能够有效模拟材料应力-应变关系的四参数Ogden应变能函数模型。在外加电场激励条件下,建立了无预拉伸和双向等轴预拉伸的介电弹性体膜电致应变的数学模型,通过数值计算分析了上述两种情况下材料的电压-应变关系,并研究了介电常数变化对介电弹性体膜电致应变的影响。结果表明:该理论分析方法能够较好地模拟介电弹性体材料的电致变形特性,可以为下一步新型介电弹性体驱动器的设计提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
为研究改良黄土的新型固化技术及其影响因素,探究最优改良方案,通过正交试验分析了石灰掺量、硫酸钠掺量、交流电压和通电时间4个因素对改良黄土无侧限抗压强度的影响。结果表明:采用该新型固化技术改良黄土的方法行之有效,其无侧限抗压强度是同等压实度条件下现场回填压实黄土的3倍;各因素中硫酸钠掺量对改良黄土的强度影响最大,石灰掺量与通电时间次之,交流电压最小;最优改良方案为石灰掺量6%,硫酸钠掺量1%,交流电压80 V,通电时间50 s。  相似文献   

11.
Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.  相似文献   

12.
The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.  相似文献   

13.
The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.  相似文献   

14.
In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.  相似文献   

15.
Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).  相似文献   

16.
This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.  相似文献   

17.
The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.  相似文献   

18.
《Arms and Armour》2013,10(2):122-143
Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.  相似文献   

19.
20.
本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

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