浮式振荡立轴叶轮的三维效应影响

为研究振荡运动下立轴水轮机的三维效应影响，采用ANSYS CFX软件三维模拟立轴水轮机在不同展弦下的振荡运动（横荡、纵荡），并与二维模拟的立轴水轮机作对比，通过最小二乘法拟合计算得到水轮机推力和侧向力系数时域结果，分析得到不同展弦比下水轮机阻尼系数和附加质量系数。结果表明：随着展弦比增大，叶轮潮流能的转换效率逐渐增大；三维振荡叶轮的水动力载荷与叶轮展长呈正相关，当展弦比达到10时其水动力载荷及能量转换效率和二维的计算结果相当；三维水轮机水动力系数常数项和阻尼项随展弦比增大而增大。     

小水线面双体船横摇阻尼特性数值与试验研究

针对安装稳定鳍的小水线面双体船开展了零速静水自由横摇衰减数值与试验研究。通过不确定度分析验证数值计算方法的可靠性,进而对比船体的线性横摇阻尼和非线性横摇阻尼,并分析摩擦阻尼和稳定鳍对小水线面双体船横摇恢复力矩的影响规律。结果表明:由数值计算求得的自由横摇衰减曲线与试验结果吻合良好;在线性横摇运动假设下,线性横摇阻尼系数随着初始横倾角的增加而增大;将通过数值计算求得的非线性阻尼系数代入到非线性横摇运动方程中能准确地模拟船体的自由横摇衰减运动;摩擦阻尼和稳定鳍对小水线面双体船零速静水自由横摇时的横摇恢复力矩贡献很小。     

采用附加谐振器的压电俘能器动力学建模及振动特性分析

基于压电振动系统的Lagrangian方程,推导了含附加谐振器的压电俘能器机电耦合动力学模型,给出了输出电压的频域表达式,探讨了谐振器中弹簧刚度、质量块质量、阻尼系数以及负载电阻、激振频率等参数对输出电压的幅频特性的影响。分析结果表明:附加谐振结构使得压电俘能器出现二阶谐振,随着弹簧刚度的增加,二阶谐振频率逐渐增加;随着质量块质量的增加,二阶谐振频率逐渐减小;阻尼系数仅对二阶谐振峰值有影响,且峰值随阻尼系数的增加而减小;一阶谐振峰值随激振频率的增加而增加,且一阶谐振频率逐渐向二阶谐振频率偏移;负载电阻不影响谐振频率,系统输出电压和输出功率随着负载电阻的增加而增加。     

吸力锚抢修平台气浮拖航影响因素分析

以海军吸力锚抢修平台为研究对象,通过MOSES对该结构在不同波高、波周期、吃水深度和系缆点位置的拖缆张力、锚内气压以及垂荡和纵摇运动进行了模拟分析,得到如下结论:随着波高的增加,其摇荡幅值和拖缆张力增大;在结构设计和实际拖航中必须通过合理的锚位布置以及航向、航速控制避开波能集中区;系缆点位置设置在吃水以下一定高度可以显著降低拖缆张力并提高拖航安全性。     

均匀及线性变化水深对移动载荷激励冰层响应特性的影响

为研究水深变化对移动载荷激励冰层响应特性的影响,采用有限元分析软件对其进行了数值模拟,计算得到了均匀水深和水深线性变化时冰层的响应特性。将数值计算结果与实冰实验数据进行了比较,发现临界速度值、冰层位移响应波形特征与实验结果一致,且不同速度下的最大下陷值也与实验结果一致。此外,在总结均匀水深冰层位移响应变化计算规律的基础上,对水深线性变化时的冰层位移响应特性进行了数值计算。计算结果表明:当载荷沿水深增加方向运动时,临界速度大于均匀水深情况;沿水深减小方向运动时,临界速度小于均匀水深情况;沿水深增加方向运动比沿水深减小方向运动更容易使冰层破裂。     

球体结构近水面运动过程附加质量研究

基于CFD平台,运用VOF法和动网格技术,针对球体结构近水面运动过程提出了一种新的附加质量求解方法,推导了相应的数学公式,构建了数值模型,设定不同的运动规律对方法进行了验证分析,在此基础上,计算了不同浸深状态时球体结构的附加质量。结论表明,提出的求解方法正确有效;接近自由面过程中,球体结构的垂向和横向附加质量均呈下降趋势,顶端刚好接触自由面时分别下降29.6%和16.2%,对球体结构稳定性、安全性设计的影响不可忽略。     

纵桁对环肋圆柱壳体水下振动与声辐射的影响

采用结构有限元耦合流体边界元的附加质量附加阻尼算法,对具有不同数量纵桁的加筋环肋圆柱壳水下振动与声辐射噪声进行了数值计算,并对数值计算结果进行了初步的比较和分析,讨论了纵桁的数量对圆柱壳水下振动与声辐射的影响.结果表明:纵桁对圆柱壳水下的减振降噪有较好的效果,并且纵桁的数量越多,减振降噪效果越好,但增加纵桁的数量也相应增加了艇体的重量,在潜艇结构设计时须在降噪及艇体重量间综合权衡.     

激光重复频率对吸气式多脉冲激光推进冲量耦合系数的影响

针对实验室已有的平顶抛物形喷管,数值模拟了单脉冲激光能量为500J时,不同激光重复频率下的激波流场演化过程,分析了喷管内激波流场对后续脉冲的影响,得到了冲量耦合系数随激光重复频率的变化规律。结果表明:激光重复频率在10～100Hz范围内,冲量耦合系数随频率的增加显著减小;在100～400Hz范围内,冲量耦合系数下降趋势变缓;随着脉冲数目的增多,喷管内气体密度降低,后续脉冲受到之前激波流场影响增大,推进性能降低。     

舰船水压场畸变的数值模拟

用有限基本解法对舰船下方附加翼板后的水压场进行了数值模拟。分光体船、附加单翼板和附加双翼板三种情况,在不同的水深下分别进行计算,获得了相应的纵向通过特性曲线,并与实验结果进行了比较。在不同的翼板位置、攻角和离船底距离下对水压场进行计算,以优化得到最佳水压场畸变效果。     

L(0,1)模态导波在小管径管道弯头处的散射特性

采用实验和有限元模拟的方法研究了L(0,1)模态导波在小管径管道弯头处的模态转换和反射、透射特性,分别使用不同频率的激励信号对含不同弯曲半径弯头的管道进行检测。研究结果表明:L(0,1)模态导波在管道弯头处发生模态转换,转换成F(1,1)模态,并且其偏振方向与弯头拱背—拱腹方向一致;随着检测频率和弯曲半径的增大,反射F(1,1)模态呈减小趋势,透射F(1,1)模态呈非单调变化趋势;反射L(0,1)模态导波呈减小趋势,透射L(0,1)模态导波呈增大趋势;当检测频率或弯曲半径增大到一定程度时,两参数的变化对反射F(1,1)模态、反射L(0,1)模态和透射L(0,1)模态的影响不大。实验结果与模拟结果吻合度高,验证了模拟结果的正确性。研究结论为检测小管径含弯头管道提供了理论指导。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.