海警部队舰艇官兵心理压力及调适

海警舰艇官兵工作环境艰苦,遂行任务艰巨,官兵心理压力过重,给官兵身心健康和部队战斗力带来了一系列负面影响。有效调适海警舰艇官兵心理压力,需要通过组织干预和官兵自我调适等途径来解决。     

海警部队执勤训练中官兵心理问题探析

公安边防海警部队官兵在海上训练、执勤、执法实践中,由于种种因素诱发出多种心理问题。着重探析海警部队海上执勤训练中官兵心理问题的主要表现及其主要原因,旨在探讨解决官兵心理问题的主要途径。     

Are police deaths a consequence of flaws in the South African Police Service administration? A SWOT analysis

This article argues that since the advent of democracy, the South African Police Service (SAPS) has been plagued by poor administration. Having inherited a repressive police force, the post-apartheid national police commissioners (NPCs) have found it difficult to transform the organisation. Among the unintended consequences has been a rise in police deaths. Although police deaths can be attributed to numerous factors, this article focuses on fault lines in the SAPS administration through a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis drawing largely on existing scholarly debates. Essential theoretical perspectives have been employed to gain insight into the root causes of the problem. The article concludes that poor administration and a lack of trust, partnership and collaboration between police officers and community members have perpetuated the killing of police officers. These killings are further compounded by the flawed and ill-conceived selection and appointment of NPCs. As a consequence, the article recommends that the appointment of NPCs should be promptly reviewed. It further recommends that each potential candidate should have risen through the ranks and must fully comprehend the challenges facing the organisation.     

海警部队思想政治工作对策探讨

当前海警部队船艇官兵思想政治工作存在着党支部对思想政治工作领导力度不够,思想政治教育针对性不强、效果不明显,经常性思想工作对船艇官兵各种思想问题解决不及时等问题。为此,要充分发挥船艇党支部对思想政治工作的组织领导作用,加强船艇政工干部队伍建设,增强船艇官兵思想政治教育的针对性、实效性,加强海警部队船艇官兵心理教育和心理训练,落实从优待警措施,开展丰富多彩的船艇文化生活。     

Police Corruption: Towards a Working Definition

According to the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) publication Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities under International Humanitarian Law, all civilians (including child soldiers) lose their immunity from direct targeting ‘for so long as’ their actions amount to direct participation in hostilities. All civilians can, however, access the revolving door of protection and return to their civilian activities – complete with full immunity from direct targeting – provided the nature of their direct participation was spontaneous and disorganised. Once it can be ascertained that their participation in hostilities amounts to continuous combative functions, they relinquish their access to the revolving door of protection, and can be targeted at all times until they abandon their formal or functional membership of the belligerent group. This piece analyses how the revolving door phenomenon and the notion of continuous combative functions apply in instances where civilian child soldiers are directly participating in hostilities.     

完善抢险救灾中心理危机干预机制研究

随着武警部队抢险救灾任务的日益增加,完善心理危机干预机制势在必行。通过分析武警部队完善危机干预机制的意义和目前存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议。心理危机干预机制的建立,对于维护武警部队官兵心理健康,保证部队稳定,增强整体战斗力,具有战略意义。     

ORGANISING THE BLUES

While all governments in the region acknowledge the importance of the work of police officers, they seldom take a close look at their working conditions and the nature of police labour. While the situations in Namibia, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Lesotho and Swaziland are different there are commonalities: police management has not changed significantly and neither has police legislation. Key concerns of the officers in the region centre on service conditions and wages. Communicating these concerns to the state is made difficult by the less than democratic approach taken by governments professing to favour democratization. A more democratic workplace for the police is of benefit to the broader community and is a crucial point to bear in mind when attempting to develop community-oriented professional policing.     

The interaction between local and international power in EU police reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina

ABSTRACT

This article explores the interaction between local and international power structures in EU peacebuilding. While citizens in a state only face order from one authority (the state), local actors in a peacebuilding context are subject to orders from two institutions (the domestic state and the peacebuilding mission). This article explores the nature of interactions of these two institutions and their effect on local police officers’ compliance and resistance. Specifically, it analyzes the example of the police restructuring process in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It demonstrates that the choices of local officers to comply or resist depended on whether the interactions between the EU Police Mission and the local police organization were positive and mutually supportive, or whether they were competitive and contradictory. The findings of the article contribute to the debates on the role of local power and the importance of local legitimacy in peacebuilding.     

The Nepalese Army: From counterinsurgency to peacekeeping?

Can peacekeeping participation help reform military institutions in democratizing states? Drawing on evidence from Nepal – one of the world's largest troop contributors to UN peacekeeping operations – this essay illustrates that participation in peace missions can sometimes undermine security sector reform and deteriorate civil–military relations. Furthermore, this analysis shows that peacekeeping participation will not necessarily reorient troops away from their conventional internal roles (such as counterinsurgency) or improve civilian control over the armed forces. Hence, civilians can lose control over soldiers just as frequently when they are deployed overseas as when they are at home.     

They protect us,but are they using protection? The potential impact of HIV on the South African Police Service

The drivers of HIV/AIDS in the South African Police Service (SAPS) and impact of the disease on this workforce are neglected areas of research. Existing evidence suggests that while the occupational risk for contracting HIV is low, there are factors associated with the profession that, if left unmanaged, place police officers at risk of contracting HIV. This study's two aims are to identify the potential pathways of HIV infection within policing services and determine the probable impact of HIV/AIDS on SAPS. Through a systematic literature review on HIV/AIDS within police services, and by analysing selected SAPS human resource data, the causal pathways and impact of HIV/AIDS on police services are explored. The study finds that police officers (particularly male officers) are likely to be highly susceptible to HIV infection as a result of risky sexual behaviours born out of occupational characteristics such as high levels of stress, difficult working conditions, living away from home and interactions with sex workers. The problem is exacerbated by the ‘macho’ culture that often prevails among police officers. HIV/AIDS interventions within SAPS must focus on sustained behaviour change. Further, HIV programmes must equip officers with the knowledge and awareness to avoid engaging in high-risk sexual practices that may compromise their health and the effectiveness of the policing service.     

论军队院校伙食保障社会化的监管问题

军队院校伙食保障社会化改革要想取得实效,得到广大官兵的支持和拥护,必须把维护和发展官兵利益作为社会化改革的根本。有关部门应采取有力措施,加强对地方餐饮承包方的监管。     

Tailored to the Times: The Story of Casimir Zeglen’s Silk Bullet-Proof Vest

Abstract

The invention of silk bullet-proof fabric, a response to growing violence and anarchy, and intended to protect politicians and public figures, as well as police officers and soldiers, is discussed in the wider context of the world’s political situation at the turn of the 19th century. The complex question of the ownership of this innovation is addressed and the reasons for its commercial failure are discussed. The ballistic properties of silk bullet-proof fabric are evaluated and the impact of this invention on the future development of soft armours is considered.     

用互联网思维创新和改进思想政治教育模式

互联网时代,良莠不齐的数字内容、全新时尚的交往模式、快捷多元的传播形式都对官兵的思想带来巨大冲击,开展思想政治教育要坚持顺势而变、创新而为,只有转变观念才能把准官兵脉搏;要坚持用户至上、大道至简,只有春风化雨才能撬动官兵心灵;要坚持建好平台、融合共享,只有参与体验才能启发官兵共鸣。     

Effective in battle: conceptualizing soldiers’ combat effectiveness*

How do we understand combat effectiveness – soldiers’ performance in battle? Despite the broad consensus that understanding combat effectiveness is important both for scholars and policymakers, there is widespread disagreement about what combat effectiveness is. More specifically, studies of effectiveness tend to focus on either the skill of soldiers in battle, or their will to fight. Yet both skill and will are essential components of an effective fighting force. This article argues that understanding combat effectiveness requires understanding both of these key components of effectiveness. In other words, combat effectiveness requires both the skill and will to engage the enemy in an organized manner. It then demonstrates the usefulness of this conceptualization by applying it to the cases of British, Indian, and Australian forces fighting the Japanese during the Second World War. Only when scholars are talking about the same concept will our understanding of the conditions under which militaries are effective in battle progress. By comparing different units fighting the same opponent under the same material conditions, I demonstrate that units vary both in their combat skill and their will to fight, and that understanding their effectiveness in battle requires analyzing both of these key factors.     

对警察执法与人权保护的思考

根据我国加入WTO以后面临的国际国内形势 ,客观分析了中国警察在人权保护领域的现状、存在的问题并提出了相应的对策 ,旨在提高中国警察的人权保护意识 ,优化我国的执法环境     

青年官兵思想教育接受心理探析

接受心理是青年官兵对思想教育信息的一种欲意接纳的心理趋向，是达到“入乎耳”、“著乎心”的必经阶段，要提高青年官兵思想教育的效果，必须认真研究青年官兵的接受心理。从青年官兵的接受心理入手，分析接受心理的表现形式和主要功能。一方面提出了“真理接受是前提，认同接受是关键，情感接受是桥梁，人格接受是保障，环境接受是土壤”的基本观点。另一方面探讨了搞好青年官兵思想教育必须坚持同频共振，增强教育相容力；借助情感载体，增强教育感染力；坚持需求牵引，增强教育自发力；展现人格形象，增强教育影响力的基本对策。     

Soldiering the terrain of war: Zimbabwean soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1998–2002)

The paper reveals how Zimbabwean soldiers who fought in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1998–2002) were challenged by the terrain of war. While soldiers are trained to live and fight in dreadful wars, I argue that immersing oneself in the war terrain is neither mathematical nor calculative; rather, war tactics to be employed are defined by the context in which soldiers operate in. When soldiers reflect on and about the war, they unconsciously produce accounts that are often not completely heroic, but a life lived in fear as well an issue that they had never anticipated when they set out to war. A main finding of this study is that while these soldiers were deployed to fight against the rebels, they find difficulties in locating physical features from map reading to the ground, distinguishing the enemy from civilian people and deployed for days without eating a proper meal as well as seeing their fellow soldiers dying in the context of war. The paper provides a vantage point in which we can also understand that trained soldiers do not exert total power over war terrains, they are sometimes challenged by the war situation itself.     

美国警察枪支使用法律制度及对我国的启示

美国警察使用枪支需遵循必要合理原则和生命威胁原则,符合法律和警局政策规定的条件和程序。我国可以借鉴美国警察枪支使用法律制度的优点,从强化对警察的保护、规定明确的用枪原则和详尽的用枪条件、健全警察用枪程序和相关支撑制度等方面,完善我国警察枪支使用法律制度。     

边防武警执行命令行为的性质定位

边防武警具有军人和警察的双重属性,因此,其执行命令行为在性质上不同于普通的军事命令,而体现出一定的行政性特征。边防武警执行命令行为的性质定位直接关系到其执行多样化军事任务中各项行为的法律后果,具有重要的理论意义和司法实践意义。     

Anarchy’s anatomy: Two-tiered security systems and Libya’s civil wars

ABSTRACT

No issue deserves more scrutiny than the mechanisms whereby popular unrest unleashes civil wars. We argue that one institution – two-tiered security systems – is particularly pernicious in terms of the accompanying civil war risk. These systems’ defining characteristic is the juxtaposition of small communally stacked units that protect regimes from internal adversaries with larger regular armed forces that deter external opponents. These systems aggravate civil war risks because stacked security units lack the size to repress widespread dissent, but inhibit rapid regime change through coup d’état. Regular militaries, meanwhile, fracture when ordered to employ force against populations from which they were recruited.