对SAR地面动目标检测系统的运动调制假目标干扰

针对常规假目标干扰在对抗合成孔径雷达-地面动目标检测系统(SAR-GMTI)时失效的问题,提出一种运动调制假目标干扰方法。该方法在截获信号相位上进行运动调制,然后转发出去。其干扰原理是利用运动调制后信号的运动特性,使干扰信号经过SAR成像处理会产生展宽效应,且经SAR-GMTI系统通道对消后干扰无法被对消。用三通道DPCA技术分析了运动调制干扰对多通道GMTI的对抗性能。仿真实验证明了该干扰的有效性。     

基于微动调制的SAR新型复合有源干扰方法

在静态虚假目标的基础上,利用有源运动调制干扰原理,提出了一种基于微动调制的SAR新型复合有源干扰方法。建立了基于微动调制的复合有源干扰信号模型,详细分析了该干扰信号对SAR的干扰效果,确定了各调制系数,最后进行了基于实测数据的仿真实验。结果表明,该方法具有距离向相干处理和方位向部分相干处理的特点,可对SAR在方位向上实现多个匀(加)速虚假运动目标的欺骗干扰效果。     

基于双站定位的SAR场景欺骗干扰技术研究

针对星载SAR系统中虚假场景干扰的信号形式和产生方法这一问题,提出了基于双站定位的欺骗干扰方法,该方法首先对雷达进行无源定位,并对其轨迹进行平滑,然后再产生干扰信号,满足了欺骗干扰对被干扰源准确位置信息的要求,消除了定位时随机误差对成像的影响。研究了雷达定位误差的变化范围及其对欺骗干扰效果的影响,解决了虚假场景干扰技术实施中会遇到的重要问题。仿真结果表明,该方法可以实现实时有效的欺骗干扰。     

ISAR雷达欺骗式干扰信号生成算法

宽带ISAR雷达能够从目标回波中计算得出众多目标特征,对ISAR雷达的干扰信号必须高逼真地模拟目标的电磁散射特性和运动特性。从弹头目标电磁散射机理出发,分析了干扰信号生成流程,提出二维成像干扰的实现方案。针对虚假目标特性模拟问题,提出基于一维距离像模板合成欺骗干扰信号的算法。算法采用距离像模板与实际宽带ISAR信号的卷积调制处理,生成的干扰信号能较好地反映目标的电磁特性。通过多个脉冲的模拟,生成的干扰信号也能够准确反映目标的运动特性。仿真实验对暗室测量数据和HRRP模板数据进行成像效果对比,验证了算法的有效性。该算法对二维成像干扰机的工程设计具有指导意义。     

对数据后处理雷达的多参数协同相关干扰

基于DRFM转发或者重复转发的干扰信号,虽然在功率上能达到干扰要求,但是产生的虚假目标与真实目标缺乏相关性,数据后处理雷达能根据该特性实现对欺骗干扰信号的检测和抑制。针对数据后处理雷达在抑制非相关干扰信号的优越表现,根据不同特征域干扰信号的相关性要求,提出了在幅度域上具有起伏特性,时频域协同一致,方位上具有相关性的干扰信号模型,以保证对数据后处理雷达干扰的有效性。最后在与非相关干扰信号比较中,验证了该干扰方式的有效性。     

与RGPO转发时延相关的干扰功率补偿技术

针对基于数字射频存储(DRFM)技术的转发式距离波门拖引干扰在波门拖引起始阶段假目标功率随干扰信号时延变化,影响拖引效果的问题。以对线性调频信号(LFM)的距离波门拖引干扰为例,在对干扰信号时域输出进行数学近似的基础上,分析真实回波信号与干扰信号时域叠加输出与干扰信号转发时延之间的关系,并对干扰信号进行功率补偿。仿真分析证明:经过功率补偿后的转发干扰信号具有稳定的时域输出幅度,验证了理论分析的正确性与补偿方法的有效性。     

独立分量分析联合时域处理同频干扰抑制方法

针对多部线性调频脉冲压缩体制雷达间的同频干扰问题,提出一种独立分量分析联合时域多脉冲相关法的同频干扰抑制方法。对于目标回波信号和同频干扰信号在时域重叠而无法检测到目标的情形,利用独立分量分析算法从接收到的多周期回波混合信号中提取出目标回波信号,在脉冲压缩处理后,结合时域多脉冲相关法进一步抑制同频异步干扰。仿真结果表明,采用上述方法可以有效抑制同频干扰。     

对PD雷达的多相位分段调制干扰方法研究

针对采用移频干扰对脉冲多普勒(PD)雷达实施干扰时容易被敌方识别的缺点,提出一种多相位分段调制干扰方法。对多相位分段调制的基本原理进行说明,建立数学模型推导干扰信号的表达式,以应用LFM信号的PD雷达为平台,对干扰信号的幅相特性和脉冲压缩结果进行推导,分析了信号分路数、调制相位数量以及相位调制值3个干扰参数对遮盖效果的影响。最后通过仿真对比验证说明,与移频干扰相比,该方法能够形成灵活可靠的多样化干扰效果。     

异步非平稳干扰抑制方法

为解决单通道条件下异步非平稳干扰抑制问题,提出基于数据驱动的稀疏分量分析干扰抑制方法,旨在从接收到的混叠信号中恢复期望信号。该方法利用深度卷积神经网络对输入/输出端数据间的复杂映射关系的强大建模能力,实现了目标信号稀疏域的自适应选择、稀疏域中目标信号稀疏表示的自适应学习以及目标信号的自动恢复。与以往干扰抑制算法不同,所提方法在时域上完成了“端到端”的信号波形恢复,且对混叠观测无先验要求,相比现有方法更具普适性。仿真实验验证了所提干扰抑制方法在不同环境噪声和干扰信号强度及泛化测试条件下的有效性,对干扰的抑制性能显著优于现有算法。     

改进的斜投影极化滤波方法

针对脉冲体制雷达抗干扰的需求,综合利用卡尔曼滤波技术、斜投影极化滤波技术和时域对消技术,研究了一种改进的斜投影极化抗干扰方法．首先利用卡尔曼滤波技术估计干扰的极化状态参数,在目标极化状态未知的情况下求得斜投影算子,再利用求得的斜投影算子提取出干扰信号,然后利用时域对消技术将原始信号减去干扰信号即得到纯净的目标信号．仿真结果表明,卡尔曼滤波技术可快速准确地估计出于扰极化参数,改进的斜投影极化滤波方法可大幅度抑制干扰,并保持了目标信号的幅度和相位不变性．     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.