三角形线元的渐近展开与外推

本文通过正则坐标变换,把光滑域上的有限元解的误差估计转化为正六边形域上6PC剖分下的误差估计。在适当的条件下给出了三角形线元解的渐近展开式(u—u_h)(z)=c(u)h~2+o(h~3|lnh|)及外推估计式‖u-u_h‖_(0,2,M~h)=o(h~3|lnh|)。     

一类半线性抛物型方程组解的爆破速率估计

研究了一类具有不同类型反应项的半非线性抛物型方程组初边值问题,这类模型主要描述两种物质燃烧过程中的热传递规律。通过运用古典计算技巧和偏微分方程的定性分析手法,得到了这类半非线性抛物型方程组初边值问题解的爆破速率估计。     

奇型抛物问题的有限元误差估计

本文引入带权的 Sobolev 空间,讨论了奇型线性问题:(?)((?)u)/((?)t)-1/x~(?)(x~aa(x)u′)′=f(t,x) (x,t)∈1×J(?)/((?)x)u(t,0)=u(t,1)=0 t∈Ju(0,x)=φ(x) x∈I式中 I=(0,1),J=[0,T],0<α<3的有限元方法,并在适当条件下,给出了最佳估计:‖u_(?)-u‖_(0,2,a)≤ch~2{‖φ‖_(2,2,a)+[integral 0 to t (‖u‖~2_(2,2,a)+‖u_(?)‖~2_(2,2,a)dt]~(1/2)}‖u_(?)-u‖_(1,2,a)≤ch~2{‖φ‖_(2,2,a)+[integral 0 to t (‖u‖~2_(2,2,a)+‖u_(?)‖~2_(2,2,a)dt]~(1/2)}     

具连续分布滞量的非线性抛物型偏微分方程的振动准则

考虑一类具连续分布滞量的非线性抛物型偏微分方程的振动性,借助Green定理将多维振动问题转化为关于某一类具连续分布滞量的非线性微分不等式的一维问题,给出了该类方程在Robin,Dirichlet边值条件下所有解振动的若干充分判据。所得结论充分地表明,振动是由时滞量引起的。     

微小型飞行器多传感器融合容积姿态估计北大核心

针对微机电系统(MEMs)陀螺仪精度低、噪声大且误差随时间累积的问题,扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)线性化误差的问题和无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)时间耗费大的问题,提出了一种欧拉角容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)姿态估计方法。建立了欧拉角姿态运动学模型,以姿态角为状态量、加速度计和磁强计输出解算得到的姿态角为观测量,采用容积数值积分理论来计算非线性函数的均值与方差,实现了多传感器辅助的微小型飞行器(MAVs)CKF姿态估计方法。仿真结果表明:估计精度方面,CKF与UKF相当,优于EKF;滤波稳定性方面,CKF与UKF相当,显著优于EKF;时间耗费方面,CKF优于UKF。     

微小型飞行器多传感器融合容积姿态估计

针对微机电系统(MEMs)陀螺仪精度低、噪声大且误差随时间累积的问题,扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)线性化误差的问题和无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)时间耗费大的问题,提出了一种欧拉角容积卡尔曼滤波(CKF)姿态估计方法。建立了欧拉角姿态运动学模型,以姿态角为状态量、加速度计和磁强计输出解算得到的姿态角为观测量,采用容积数值积分理论来计算非线性函数的均值与方差,实现了多传感器辅助的微小型飞行器(MAVs)CKF姿态估计方法。仿真结果表明:估计精度方面,CKF与UKF相当,优于EKF;滤波稳定性方面,CKF与UKF相当,显著优于EKF;时间耗费方面,CKF优于UKF。     

基于对比度最优的VCO调频非线性误差估计与校正方法

针对VCO调频非线性误差的准确估计与校正问题,提出一种以一维距离像对比度最优为准则的自适应估计与校正方法。本方法建立引入温度变量的VCO频率特性模型,并据此估计出某一温度值对应的调频非线性误差,在对中频回波进行误差补偿和一维脉压后,以一维距离像的对比度最优作为迭代收敛准则,实现调频非线性误差的最优估计与校正。仿真和实测数据结果表明,该方法充分考虑了温度因素对VCO输出频率的影响,能够在不增加硬件复杂度的前提下,通过算法实现对调频非线性误差的估计、跟踪与补偿。与传统基于硬件电路进行估计或校正的方法相比,新方法无需由硬件组成闭环估计通道,且具有实时性强、运算量小、补偿精度高的优点,对于克服实际工程应用中VCO器件的参数漂移问题具有重要指导意义。     

线性回归模型系数岭估计的改进研究

对作者提出的c-k型估计,进行了进一步的研究.证明利用Stein式压缩技术可以改进岭估计(在均方误差意义下);同时给出了参数的最优值满足的条件.证明了c-k型估计的可容许性.文中的方法为病态线性回归模型系数的有偏估计提供了改进的技术途径.     

多传感器定位误差对跟踪性能影响的研究

集中讨论了带有传感器定位误差的多传感器跟踪问题中的滤波方法 ,设计了两个基于一个非线性飞机等效机动模型的扩展卡尔曼滤波器 (EKFs) :最优 EKF(OF)和次优 EKF(SF) ,并应用于带有定位误差的多传感器跟踪问题中。 Monte-Garlo模拟结果表明定位误差对飞机的位置估计影响较大 ,但不影响速度或加速度估计 ;同时说明 OF的性能明显优于 SF。     

初始误差和制导工具误差估计的非线性方法

准确估计初始误差和制导工具误差是机动发射飞行器精度鉴定必须解决的重要问题之一,提出了一种基于非线性模型的误差估计新方法。给出了平台初始失准角向定向误差的转换方法,采用不动点迭代法实现真实视加速度的精确计算,将真实发射系的轨道参数表示为初始误差和工具误差的非线性函数,结合外测数据建立了同时估计初始误差、工具误差、外测系统误差、遥外测时间零点偏差的非线性模型,避免了初始误差的线性化近似。给出了Bayes极大后验估计方法,利用非线性模型和先验信息获得误差的最优估计,证明了估计方法的收敛性。仿真结果表明,所提方法提高了初始误差和工具误差的估计精度,并实现了测量数据的自校准。     

MEFP战斗部结构的正交优化设计

以多爆炸成型弹丸(MEFP)为计算模型,应用显式有限元程序LS-DYNA,分析了药型罩间距、锥角、壁厚、装药高度和装药直径5种因素对MEFP发散角的影响规律。结果表明:随着药型罩间距、壁厚和装药直径的增加以及药型罩锥角、装药高度的减小,MEFP的发散角在减小。在此基础上以MEFP发散角为命中和毁伤概率指标,应用正交优化方法针对5种结构因素对MEFP发散角的影响主次关系进行了分析研究。结果表明药型罩壁厚是MEFP战斗部命中和毁伤概率的主要影响因素,并得到了5种结构因素各水平的最优组合。     

基于多信息的柴油机缸套磨损故障诊断研究

采用了模糊神经网络模型,对柴油机缸套磨损故障以及缸套破坏性磨损故障进行了诊断研究.通过缸套磨损故障的模拟实验,获取柴油机机身振动和铁谱分析等多源多维故障信息,并对融合故障信息进行预处理,解决了模糊神经网络输入矢量的模糊特性化、输出矢量的隶属函数及网络的学习训练问题,对缸套不同磨损故障进行了诊断.研究表明,这种基于多信息的诊断方法减小了故障诊断的不确定性,提高了诊断精度.     

聚能射流形成过程的理论建模与分析

分析了聚能射流的形成过程,并对其中的各阶段进行了详细建模。在模型中考虑了炸药爆轰、金属的驱动、药型罩压垮以及射流和杵体的形成过程。采用该模型对某一聚能装药结构进行了计算,计算结果表明:药型罩顶部和底部微元的压垮速度较小,在射流头部形成反向速度梯度,与试验数据吻合较好。该模型对于多级侵彻战斗部的工程设计与侵彻参数的计算具有一定的参考价值。     

Experimental and numerical investigation of zirconium jet performance with different liner shapes design

This paper studies the shaped charge jet performance in terms of different liner shapes including conical,bell,hemispherical and bi-conical liners.The critical angles and the relevant flow velocities for the zir-conium liner material were calculated analytically and numerically using Autodyn hydro-code.The relationship between the critical collapse angle and the flow velocity was determined for the conditions of jet formation and coherency.Penetration tests according to the standard testing procedures of API-RP34 (Section-Ⅱ) were performed to validate the numerical predictions of the jet performance of the studied liners.It was found that the four shaped charge liners all produced coherent jets with different performances.The penetration depth of the shaped charges with the bell and the bi-conical liner shapes increased by 10.3％ and 22％,respectively,while the crater diameter of shaped charge with hemispherical liner increased by 85％ representing the formation of an explosively-formed-projectile (EFP),when they are compared with the corresponding jet characteristics of a conical liner shaped charge.     

Theoretical and numerical simulation study on jet formation and penetration of different liner structures driven by electromagnetic pressure

The use of a shaped liner driven by electromagnetic force is a new means of forming jets. To study the mechanism of jet formation driven by electromagnetic force, we considered the current skin effect and the characteristics of electromagnetic loading and established a coupling model of"Electric—Magnetic—Force"and the theoretical model of jet formation under electromagnetic force. The jet formation and penetration of conical and trumpet liners have been calculated. Then, a numerical simulation of liner collapse under electromagnetic force, jet generation, and the stretching motion were performed using an ANSYS multiphysics processor. The calculated jet velocity, jet shape, and depth of penetration were consistent with the experimental results, with a relative error of less than 10％. In addition, we calculated the jet formation of different curvature trumpet liners driven by the same loading condition and ob-tained the influence rule of the curvature of the liner on jet formation. Results show that the theoretical model and the ANSYS multiphysics numerical method can effectively calculate the jet formation of liners driven by electromagnetic force, and in a certain range, the greater the curvature of the liner is, the greater the jet velocity is.     

A study on the surface overpressure distribution and formation of a double curvature liner under a two-point initiation

The formation mechanism of an EFP(explosively formed projectile) using a double curvature liner under the overpressure effect generated by a regular oblique reflection was investigated in this paper.Based on the detonation wave propagation theory,the change of the incident angle of the detonation wave collision at different positions and the distribution area of the overpressure on the surface of the liner were calculated.Three-dimensional numerical simulations of the formation process of the EFP with tail as well as the ability to penetrate 45# steel were performed using LS-DYNA software,and the EFP ve-locity,the penetration ability,and the forming were assessed via experiments and x-ray photographs.The experimental results coincides with those of the simulations.Results indicate that the collision of the detonation wave was controlled to be a regular oblique reflection acting on the liner by setting the di-mensions of the unit charge and maintaining the pressure at the collision point region at more than 2.4 times the CJ detonation when the incident angle approached the critical angle.The distance from the liner midline to the boundary of the area within which the pressure ratio of the regular oblique reflection pressure to the CJ detonation pressure was greater than 2.5,2,and 1.5was approximately 0.66 mm,1.32 mm,and 3.3 mm,respectively.It is noted that pressure gradient caused the liner to turn inside out in the middle to form the head of the EFP and close the two tails of the EFP at approximately 120μs.The penetration depth of the EFP into a 45# steel target exceeded 30 mm,and there was radial expansion between the head and tail of the EFE increasing the penetration resistance of the EFP.Therefore,the structural size of the unit charge and the liner can be further optimized to reduce resistance to increase the penetration ability of the EFP.     

基于Vague集模糊值线性序法的雷达抗干扰效能评估

针对已有评估方法存在的不足,提出了一种基于Vague集模糊值线性序法的雷达抗干扰效能评估方法。分析了影响雷达抗干扰效能的指标因素,给出了各评价指标的模糊值表示,建立了基于Vague集模糊值线性序法的雷达抗干扰效能综合评价模型,得到了评价其效能的排序方法。最后通过实例分析验证,该方法评估结果准确,具有一定参考价值。     

具有电介质衬套的多波切仑柯夫振荡器

提出了具有电介质衬套的多波切仑柯夫振荡器的概念，并采用粒子模拟方法对之进行了研究。结果表明：电介质衬套能使器件在较低二极管电压下正常工作，同时，在低电压区的辐射效率明显提高。这对开发多波切仑柯夫振荡器在爆磁压缩产生高功率微波等领域的应用具有参考价值。研究还发现：微波频率随电介质的介电常数增大而单调下移，电介质的介电常数及导引磁场的强度均具有最佳值。     

基于二人有限零和对策的防空兵火力分配方法

为了优化防空作战过程中火力分配问题,使射击达到最佳效果,运用对策论、线性规划等理论方法,采用对策矩阵建立了防空火力分配的线性规划模型,并通过计算示例和计算机仿真初步预测了敌方的空袭兵器使用情况和我方相应的兵力分配对策。该模型建立的防空火力分配方法较好地满足了要地防空装备的战术应用问题,对提高作战效能具有一定的参考价值。     

Investigation on the influence of the initial RDX crystal size on the performance of shaped charge warheads

Copper lined wave shaped shaped charges of particular design and liner metallurgy were used to investigate the effect of explosive crystal size on the resultant shaped charge jet parameters. Composition A3 with RDX of three different average crystal sizes, i.e. 30 μm, 100 μm and 300 μm were used in the investigation. All other parameters in the charge were kept constant and in particular, care was given to obtain consistent dimensional quality and liner microstructure, in order to prohibit the variation of other parameters. Specific flash-X-ray diagnostics were used in field tests to obtain the jet parameters from multiple firings of similar charges. It is found that the varying crystal size of the RDX has a marginal influence in the total jet length of the jets. However, it is also found that there is less variation between firings in the jet parameters for jets from the charges loaded with the crystal size of 100 μm.