战斗机空战威胁特性建模与仿真分析

空战对抗决策的原则是规避目标威胁并使目标进入我方的威胁区,威胁特性建模是战斗机空战决策的基础。基于威胁属性,将战斗机威胁分为雷达探测威胁和导弹攻击威胁,基于雷达探测概率、目标RCS动态特性和目标暴露距离等指标对雷达威胁进行了建模分析;基于导弹攻击包络对导弹攻击威胁能力进行了建模分析,并给出战斗机威胁分布的集合描述。最后进行了仿真计算,结果表明,所建立的威胁模型能有效描述战斗机空战威胁,为战斗机空战决策提供理论基础。     

基于目标威胁度的相控阵雷达自适应调度方法

对时间资源的合理安排是相控阵雷达发挥自身优势的关键。将目标威胁度引入调度算法中,与工作方式和任务截止期共同进行综合优先级规划。通过构建目标威胁度的量化模型,使雷达在调度跟踪任务时依目标威胁度大小分配时间。提出了修正价值率和执行威胁率的概念,完善了性能评估指标。通过仿真,全面评价了新算法性能,验证了引入目标威胁度的合理性。结果表明,新算法可以有效提升相控阵雷达对高威胁度目标的处理能力。     

基于优化神经网络的雷达波束分配方法研究

在多目标的跟踪过程中,自适应地分配雷达波束能够进一步提升雷达的工作效率.为了合理调度雷达波束跟踪目标,根据目标运动状态参数,建立了目标威胁度评估模型.该模型根据目标运动状态,包含类型、速度、加速度、航向角、高度、距离和干扰程度等;然后基于混合遗传粒子群优化算法改进了BP神经网络,分别采用运动状态信息和目标威胁度作为神经网络的输入和输出,建立了目标威胁度评估模型;算法根据威胁度的大小进行波束调度,并采用执行威胁率衡量波束调度的效果.仿真结果表明,该模型具有更高的预测精度,能够准确地实现目标威胁评估,在此基础上具有较好的波束调度效果.     

电子防空作战中雷达对抗目标威胁分析与评估

针对电子防空作战雷达对抗力量在指挥与运用中面临的目标威胁评定问题,首先从技术、战术、动态和静态等方面全面分析了雷达对抗目标的威胁因素,其次,运用可拓学的多目标优化理论和运筹学中的理想决策法的原理和方法,提出了一种新的基于物元矩阵的理想决策模型,最后,实例验证表明该模型可行、有效,便于计算机辅助决策,为雷达对抗目标威胁评估提供一种新途径,可为指挥员对空情威胁做出正确判断提供支持。     

隐形战斗机的威胁及雷达干扰对策分析

隐形战斗机带来的威胁量化分析及防御对策是现代防空领域亟需解决的问题。对于隐形与非隐形战斗机,分别估算了防御系统内地面雷达网、预警机、战斗机、空空导弹、地空导弹各要素对其的作用距离,以此为指标度量了隐形战斗机对防御系统的威胁。重点分析了远距离支援干扰对隐形战斗机的干扰效果,得出了目标暴露区和压制扇面,以此作为应对威胁的一种对策。     

空间碎片的雷达探测--技术与趋势

为应对来自太空的威胁,对包括空间碎片在内的所有空间目标进行全面监测不可或缺.在给出空间碎片雷达探测国内外研究现状的基础上,从基于跟踪模式的大尺寸碎片编目和基于波束驻留(beam-park)模式的中小尺寸碎片统计采样2方面综述了空间碎片的雷达探测技术,并分析了其存在的问题与未来的发展趋势.     

低空目标探测技术分析与展望

发展低空目标探测技术是应对低空、超低空突防目标威胁的重要手段。在对低空目标探测影响因素和目标低空突防缺陷进行分析的基础上,从克服地球曲率及地形遮蔽影响、抑制多径效应、角闪烁效应和复杂背景杂波4个方面分析研究了低空目标探测技术,对典型的低空目标探测雷达进行了分析探讨,并对未来低空目标探测的发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于RCS幅值特性相似度的浮空式角反射体布放态势寻优

为应对常规雷达制导反舰导弹的威胁,采用理论分析和建模仿真方法,基于雷达目标的一类重要电磁散射特性——雷达散射截面积(RCS,radar cross section),对双棱锥形浮空式角反射体布放态势进行了寻优,得到了一种与反导舰艇逼近度较高的角反射体阵列。结果表明:考虑角反射体阵列与目标舰艇的RCS幅值特性相似度,较优的布放态势为[6,15],[8,20],[9,15],[11,15],其中在[6,15]情形下,二者相似度达到60.9%。     

考虑协同电子干扰效果的空战多目标分配

以多机协同多目标攻防对抗为背景,研究协同火力/电子战综合决策方法。提出雷达发现概率下降因子表示雷达发现能力的下降程度,来衡量电子干扰对目标威胁度的影响效果;以降低目标总体威胁为目标,建立了多机协同自卫有源压制电子干扰功率分配模型,并采用贪心算法进行求解;最后综合考虑电子干扰对目标威胁度的影响,改进了基于协同攻防的空战多目标分配算法。通过仿真分析证明该决策过程是可行的、有效的。     

临空高超声速飞行器地基拦截引导需求分析

NSHV具有速度快、隐身性好、突防能力强等特点,对传统防空反导体系提出了巨大挑战,对国家安全构成了重大威胁。针对此类目标拦截引导难度大的特点,分析了地基雷达在地球曲率影响下引导能力的局限性;具体讨论了武器系统对NSHV的拦截引导需求,分析了地基雷达引导能力与需求的矛盾关系;基于上述分析,给出了天基、临空基、空基和地基探测平台协同引导的解决方案,并结合实例对协同引导的过程和能力进行了分析。此研究对于未来应对NSHV的威胁具有一定的理论指导意义。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.