基于兵力损失交换比的C~4ISR系统监视与侦察功能模型

监视与侦察系统是现代C4ISR系统的重要组成部分,传统的监视与侦察系统效能分析方法存在模型难以建立的问题,很难量化其与作战效果之间的影响。在对基于Lanchester方程的C4ISR系统建模方法进行研究的基础上,提出了基于兵力损失交换比的监视与侦察功能的Lanchester方程模型,并通过仿真讨论了侦察和监视能力对战果的贡献。     

美空军情报监视侦察作战理念发展研究

情报、监视与侦察(Intelligence、Surveillance and Reconnaissance,ISR)活动能提供大量情报与战场态势,对夺取战争主动权起到举足轻重的作用。美空军情报、监视与侦察在信息时代中不断发展,在作战理念上出现了较大的发展变化。研究了美空军情报、监视与侦察作战理念内涵与发展的历史阶段,归纳了其发展特点,并对情报工作的建设与发展提出相应的启示建议。     

基于博弈论的C~4ISR系统监视与侦察功能模型

监视与侦察已成为现代C4ISR系统的重要组成部分,传统的监视与侦察系统效能分析方法存在模型难以建立、结果不准确等问题,很难量化其与作战效果之间的影响。在对基于Lanchester方程的C4ISR系统建模方法进行研究的基础上,提出了反映监视与侦察功能的Lanchester方程模型,并引入博弈论分析了战场上信息的不对称对交战结果的影响,克服了描述C4ISR系统的Lanchester方程没有考虑作战单元、对手和环境间的动态交互以及数学结构简单的缺点。仿真结果验证了模型的有效性。     

基于UML的C4ISR体系结构描述方法

C4ISR系统是集指挥、控制、通信、计算机和情报、监视、侦察为一体的复杂大系统,无论开发和仿真都需要建立科学合理的需求分析模型.根据UML的特点和C4ISR体系结构及其产品特点,提出了用UML来描述C4ISR体系结构的方法,并通过对某防空旅的作战描述说明了该方法的可行性.     

美军分布式通用地面站系统

分布式通用地面站(DistributedCommon Ground Station,DCGS)系统是美国陆军,空军、海军和海军陆战队通用的多源 ISR信息综合应用系统,可近实时接收、处理及分发 ISR 信息。该系统能进行多源ISR 信息的分布式处理.构建了一个与因特网类似的情报共享网络。美三军利用这样一种各军种通用的地面站,可同时接收、处理和分发从侦察卫星、侦察飞机.无人侦察机以及地面,海面等侦察监视平台传送来的各种情报信息。DCGS 可在基于 IP 的协同环境下.安全管理 ISR 资源.访问、处理.发布和使用多来源 ISR 信息及情报。DCGS系统的主要功能是在一个通用地面站,从多信息源中接收情报信息,然后数据被处理、存储、关联、开发并传输至作战指挥中心以支持实施(近)实时打     

数字化作战对炮兵装备的影响

通过对数字化战场和数字化部队的描述,分析了数字化作战对炮兵作战指挥、作战方式、部队编成、生存能力及后勤保障的影响,探讨了IC4ISR系统协调下炮兵营(连)的作战过程(监视与侦察、决策与指挥、机动与打击、评估与反馈、重组与恢复),进一步阐明了IC4ISR(一体化的指挥、控制、通信、计算机、情报、监视与侦察)系统在炮兵数字化中的核心作用,结合信息传递数字化、指挥体系扁平化、火力控制自动化、情报侦察网络化、发射平台机动化、装备建设配套化,提出了数字化作战对炮兵武器系统的具体要求。     

浅谈C^4ISH体系结构技术

一、前言C4ISR(指挥,控制,通信,情报,计算机,侦察与监视)系统是以军事科学为基础,在军队指挥体系中,采用以电子计算机为主的技术装备,与指挥、技术人员相结合,对部队和武器系统实施指挥与控制的人机系统,我军称其为军事综合电子信息系统或指挥自动化系统。C4ISR系统是指挥员实施指挥的具体技术手段,在现代战争中占有举足轻重的地位,它不仅可以缩短作战准备时间,     

伊拉克硝烟中的美军C~4ISR装备(下)

情报、监视与侦察装备在伊战中,美军动用了各种各样的情报、监视与侦察(ISR) 设备,包括军用和商用侦察卫星,联合监视与目标攻击雷达系统(JSTARS)之类的侦察飞机、“捕食者”和“全球鹰”等无人驾驶侦察机以及多种地面传感器等,构建了一个陆、海、空、天一体的 ISR 网络,24小时持续不断地监视着敌方的动态。如 JSTARS,美陆战队在一份总结报告中对它赞扬有加,说：“JSTARS 用活动目标指示雷达提供了对战场空间的广域全天候覆盖,没有任何其他情报收集工具能像它那样有效。当其他平台无法使用时,通用地面站和 JSTARS 的组合能确保我们了解     

C~4ISR:实现未来作战系统的关键

指挥、控制、通信、计算机、情报、监视和侦察(C~4ISR)是美国陆军目标部队未来作战系统(FCS)的中枢神经。它的主要功能是把未来作战系统各部分连接起来,构成一个灵活、机动、可靠、无缝的网络,确保目标部队能依靠该网络进行以网络为中心的战争,确保指战员能先敌发现、先敌判断、先敌行动、先敌制胜。由此可见 C~4ISR 的重要性。在开发未来作战系统时,C~4ISR 又是最具挑战性和风险性的部分。未来作战系统是一个非常复杂的大系统,它至少包括20多种地面和空中平台以及多种     

“海底侦察兵”:美海军的水下ISR系统

美国海军一向把信息的搜集、获取与互通、共享视为实施“网络中心战”的最重要环节,把情报、侦察、监视(ISR)网络的建设看得比采购新型作战平台和武器装备还要重要。因此,美海军不断加强水下ISR系统的建设,斥巨资打造能够“互联、互通、互操作”的水下网络,并取得了显著成效。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.