舰船自然腐蚀时腐蚀相关电场场源等效方法研究

为解决舰船腐蚀相关电场场源等效问题,从产生机理出发,根据实际舰船结构、海洋环境等条件,提出了舰船自然腐蚀时腐蚀相关电场场源的具体等效方法。该方法的基本场源为沿一定方向放置的异种金属对,并按一定方法将其等效为电偶极子或电流线。在实验室条件下,模拟海洋环境和舰船自然腐蚀时的基本场源,对该场源等效方法的正确性进行验证,验证过程中特别考虑到水域周边岸壁边界的影响。结果表明:所提出的场源等效方法是正确的,可用于对舰船自然腐蚀时水下腐蚀相关电场的分布特点进行预估,也可为舰船水下电场的其他应用提供理论依据。     

复合材料修复带止裂孔裂纹钢板静强度实验

研究了碳纤维复合材料胶接修复损伤舰船钢结构的修复效果,利用CTM系列微机控制电子万能试验机及配套的引伸计自动绘制试件的拉力-应变和拉力-位移曲线图,通过力-变形曲线得到试样的名义屈服载荷、胶层脱胶开裂时的极限载荷和试样断裂时的断裂载荷。结果显示:利用复合材料补片胶接修补受损钢板能有效恢复结构的静强度和承载能力;修补后结构的屈服载荷和极限载荷有明显提高,且随着补片厚度的增加而增加,但修补结构的断裂载荷没有改变。     

复合材料修补金属裂损结构吸湿老化的试验与有限元分析

暴露在湿热环境中的复合材料修补金属裂损结构易吸湿老化,导致该结构性能下降,服役寿命缩短。为研究吸湿性对复合材料修补金属裂损结构修补效果和耐久性的影响,利用试验方法分析了吸湿性对复合材料胶补金属裂损结构及胶黏剂力学性能的影响;利用有限元方法评估了吸湿性对复合材料胶补金属裂损结构试验件修补效果和耐久性的影响。研究结果表明:吸湿后含穿透双边裂纹铝合金板玻璃纤维单面胶补试验件的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命和极限载荷的平均值分别下降为吸湿前的71%和90%;吸湿造成拉伸条件下复合材料胶补金属裂损结构胶层失效模式由内聚破坏为主转变为界面破坏为主;在"湿-热"老化30天后,E44/聚酰胺环氧树脂胶黏剂试验件吸水饱和,弹性模量下降为未老化前的40%,塑性应变超过了总应变的25%;有限元分析发现胶层损伤受吸湿影响明显,吸湿性加速了胶层损伤,且裂纹长度越长,加速作用越明显;同时吸湿使得裂纹尖端的J积分值急剧增大,导致修补结构的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命缩短,裂纹长度越长,吸湿性对于复合材料胶接修补效果的危害越严重。     

应用电弧喷涂技术治理舰船钢结构腐蚀

本文论述了舰船钢结构的腐蚀机理,腐蚀特点及影响因素.指出电弧喷涂铝复合涂层能够长期有效地对舰船钢结构进行腐蚀保护,延长舰船钢结构的使用寿命,这是其它任何腐蚀防护技术都难以实现的.电弧喷涂铝复合涂层的具体涂层设计是:电弧喷涂铝金属涂层十有机封闭涂料涂层十常规舰船面层涂料涂层.     

基于后向散射的光尾流探测系统

研制了基于后向散射的光尾流探测系统,使用该系统进行了实验室环境下的模拟尾流气泡探测实验和海洋环境下的舰船尾流探测试验.结果表明,该探测系统具有较好的舰船尾流探测能力,验证了基于后向蝌散射的光尾流探测方法的可行性.     

舰船复合材料层合板结构疲劳可靠性分析方法初探

首先,提出了基于应力-强度干涉模型的舰用复合材料结构疲劳可靠性分析方法,即以可靠度指标对舰艇复合材料结构的正常使用安全性加以评价,并将复合材料结构正常使用安全性问题转换为结构在疲劳和环境载荷作用下的损伤与性能退化机理研究以及可靠度计算问题;然后,基于复合材料力学性能的离散特性,进一步探讨了常规安全系数与可靠度的联系;最后,通过算例给出了在已知结构工作应力分布特征和材料疲劳强度特性条件下,如何求解指定服役期间复合材料结构疲劳可靠度的计算方法和计算流程,并对照给出了相应的安全系数,计算得出疲劳可靠度R为0.933。     

921A 钢结构低周疲劳裂纹扩展特性试验研究

采用预制缺口的平板和加筋板结构试样,对 921A 钢进行了拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的低周疲劳试验得到了拉伸疲劳载荷作用下舰体结构破口裂纹扩展规律,提出了破损舰体结构在疲劳载荷作用下裂纹开裂和后续扩展的判据.该试验结果可直接用于分析和预报破损舰船结构在波浪中航行时的裂纹扩展情况,并为破损舰船的剩余疲劳寿命预报奠定了基础.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补疲劳寿命数值分析

用ANSYS有限元软件对复合材料修复含边裂纹、中心裂纹和切口的钢板的疲劳寿命进行了数值分析.研究了边裂纹、中心裂纹长度对钢板疲劳寿命的影响,分析了碳纤维增强复合材料对3种损伤钢板疲劳寿命的修复效果.计算结果显示,修补后结构件的疲劳寿命可延长3～50倍.     

含孔洞铜板复合材料修复疲劳寿命数值分析

用ANSYS有限元软件对复合材料修复含中心圆孔钢板的疲劳寿命进行了数值分析。研究了孔洞大小、补片长度、宽度和厚度对钢板疲劳寿命的影响;分析了复合材料胶接修补的效果,并对修复所用的复合材料补片的大小及厚度进行了优化设计。研究结果表明,利用复合材料胶接修补带中心圆孔的钢板可以使其疲劳性能提高1.6~18倍。修补时,增加补片宽度和厚度都可增加结构疲劳寿命;补片宽度为孔径8倍以上时,增加宽度对疲劳寿命影响不大;补片的长度为孔径的3~4倍时,修复效果最佳。     

老龄舰船总纵强度状态评估可行性研究

针对老龄舰船船体结构评估问题,首先引入了中国船级社2011版《现有船状态评估程序指南》;然后,论述了老龄舰船的腐蚀特点及腐蚀程度测定方法,并给出了剩余剖面模数计算方法。再以某舰船为例,依据该指南对其典型舱段总纵强度状态进行了评估;最后,运用ABAQUS有限元软件直接对该舱段的现有状态总纵强度进行了计算并与《现有船状态评估程序指南》得出的总纵强度状态评估结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:该指南对于老龄舰船技术状态评估具有良好的可行性和适用性。     

富马酸二甲酯的固体酸催化合成及HPLC检测

以SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸为催化剂催化富马酸与甲醇合成富马酸二甲酯,探讨了催化剂制备条件、原料配比、反应时间、催化剂用量等因素对富马酸二甲酯收率的影响.并采用HPLC,快速方便地检测富马酸二甲酯的收率,并考察由不同比例的甲醇/水、乙腈/水组成的流动相对分离的影响.试验证明,在最优条件下,富马酸二甲酯的产率可达到78.6%.     

Fulfillment by Amazon versus fulfillment by seller: An interpretable risk-adjusted fulfillment model

With dual-channel choices, E-retailers fulfill their demands by either the inventory stored in third-party distribution centers, or by in-house inventory. In this article, using data from a wedding gown E-retailer in China, we analyze the differences between two fulfillment choices—fulfillment by Amazon (FBA) and fulfillment by seller (FBS). In particular, we want to understand the impact of FBA that will bring to sales and profit, compared to FBS, and how the impact is related to product features such as sizes and colors. We develop a risk-adjusted fulfillment model to address this problem, where the E-retailer's risk attitude to FBA is incorporated. We denote the profit gaps between FBA and FBS as the rewards for this E-retailer fulfilling products using FBA, our goal is to maximize the E-retailer's total rewards using predictive analytics. We adopt the generalized linear model to predict the expected rewards, while controlling for the variability of the reward distribution. We apply our model on a set of real data, and develop an explicit decision rule that can be easily implemented in practice. The numerical experiments show that our interpretable decision rule can improve the E-retailer's total rewards by more than 35%.     

Vessel allocation by linear programming

This paper presents a linear programming model of a fleet of vessels which is required to transport quantities of cargo, such as coal, iron ore, limestone, and salt from certain producing ports to specific destination ports. This model has been implemented and is currently being used both for planning purposes and as an aid in scheduling the trips to be made by each vessel.     

Demand forecasting by temporal aggregation

Demand forecasting performance is subject to the uncertainty underlying the time series an organization is dealing with. There are many approaches that may be used to reduce uncertainty and thus to improve forecasting performance. One intuitively appealing such approach is to aggregate demand in lower‐frequency “time buckets.” The approach under concern is termed to as temporal aggregation, and in this article, we investigate its impact on forecasting performance. We assume that the nonaggregated demand follows either a moving average process of order one or a first‐order autoregressive process and a single exponential smoothing (SES) procedure is used to forecast demand. These demand processes are often encountered in practice and SES is one of the standard estimators used in industry. Theoretical mean‐squared error expressions are derived for the aggregated and nonaggregated demand to contrast the relevant forecasting performances. The theoretical analysis is supported by an extensive numerical investigation and experimentation with an empirical dataset. The results indicate that performance improvements achieved through the aggregation approach are a function of the aggregation level, the smoothing constant, and the process parameters. Valuable insights are offered to practitioners and the article closes with an agenda for further research in this area. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 60: 479–498, 2013     

对Matlab根轨迹绘制法的一种补充

介绍了2个用于根轨迹绘制的Matlab程序段,将其应用于采用多媒体方式的自动控制理论课程的教学中,取得了很好的效果.     

采用LSRSERM方法进行多雷达数据配准

基于雷达网系统误差分析,提出了一种最小二乘相对系统误差配准法,并给出了一种多雷达数据配准方案。仿真和实际数据证明,该方法可以使同一目标观测航迹的分裂程度减小一个数量级。