多铁性层合材料中的界面滑动——层内开裂的局部阻滑/促滑机制

基于多铁性层合材料界面的传统剪切线弹簧模型和库仑摩擦定律,考虑界面法向应力对界面滑动的影响,提出了一种界面阻滑/促滑模型,运用Green函数法推导了多铁性层合材料层内开裂问题的Cauchy奇异积分方程,获得了界面法向应力和裂纹尖端应力强度因子(Stress Intensity Factor,SIF)的数值解。结果表明:在纯剪切加载的情况下,界面上靠近裂纹的局部区域仍可能出现非零的法向应力,且正、负局部法向应力将分别导致局部促滑、阻滑效应。通过研究界面剪切损伤系数以及摩擦因数对SIF的影响,揭示了多铁性层合材料层内开裂的局部阻滑/促滑机制,为层状多铁性智能器件的防断裂优化设计提供理论参考。     

层状磁电弹半柱中同轴界面上的裂纹相互作用规律

针对“磁电弹-正交基体-磁电弹”3层半柱结构中2个同轴界面同时开裂的问题,建立了其断裂力学理论模型.运用位错模拟法和Green函数法,推导了裂纹问题的奇异积分方程组,并得到了应力强度因子的数值解.基于参数分析,讨论了层厚和裂纹的环向相对位置对应力强度因子的影响规律,阐明了其中的刚性边界效应、自由边界效应、屏蔽效应和干涉效应,揭示了屏蔽与干涉相互竞争所引起的局部区域内应力强度因子的特殊振荡现象.相关结论可为层状磁电弹智能器件的防断裂优化设计提供理论参考.     

分布载荷作用下多铁性圆柱复合材料的断裂分析

针对多铁性圆柱复合材料因其外表面上存在不同类型的轴向分布载荷而出现的界面裂纹问题,建立了断裂力学分析模型。首先利用分离变量法和无穷级数法推导出该模型的Cauchy奇异积分方程组,然后利用Lobatto-Chebyshev配点法离散该方程组为代数方程组,进而得到裂纹尖端应力强度因子(Stress Intensity Factor,SIF)的数值解。通过对数值结果的分析得到:在不同类型的分布载荷作用下,压电层厚度以及分布载荷大小是影响裂纹尖端SIF的主要因素。该研究结果可为此类复合材料在实际工程应用中的防断裂优化设计提供理论参考。     

含弱界面的多铁性空心层合柱内径对振动行为的影响

以含弱界面的多铁性空心层合柱为研究对象,建立了其界面的损伤耦合广义弹簧模型,通过分析其振动行为发现:当界面损伤系数及损伤耦合系数对机械振动频率影响很小时,空心层合柱的径厚比约为8。研究结果可为空心柱状多铁性智能器件的尺寸优化设计提供一定的理论依据。     

谈层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的研究与应用

层状硅酸盐(PLS)纳米复合材料因同时具备力学性能、气体阻隔性能、热稳定性能、耐溶剂性能和阻燃性能,成为被诸多社会领域关注的新型阻燃高分子材料,其中在消防工程阻燃层面有着深入的应用。研究PLS纳米复合材料应用问题,可以进一步了解其阻燃机理,提升消防工程的质量。     

基于iSIGHT的复合材料仪器舱结构优化研究

利用iSIGHT优化软件研究了导弹复合材料仪器舱结构多变量多约束优化问题,建立了参数化的复合材料结构有限元模型,采用了分级优化策略,借助于iSIGHT软件提供的Pointer优化器,通过优化复合材料铺层角度、铺层厚度及其他主要结构尺寸实现了仪器舱结构的轻量化,获得了工程实用的复合材料结构优化方法.     

用能量法确定层状复合材料疲劳裂纹的扩展方向

含裂纹体疲劳寿命的预测,必须首先了解裂纹扩展路径的全过程,而在层状复合材料中,裂纹扩展的路径非常复杂,不仅可以拐弯,而且可以分叉.因此,首先提出一个简单、适用、统一的裂纹扩展方向的相对强度准则,即应变能释放率比值判据;然后,利用有效解决高梯度问题的数值方法--任意线法,对实测试件的关键时刻(例如,拐弯或进入界面),进行了数值分析;并对典型试件进行了疲劳断裂实验研究.3方面的结果,得到相互的验证.这种一致性,不仅初步证明了这一方法的正确性和适用性,而且为疲劳裂纹扩展全过程的解决,提供了必要的基础.     

碳纳米管对MWCNTs/EP复合材料力学性能的影响

采用超声波分散法制备多壁碳纳米管增强树脂基复合材料,研究了多壁碳纳米管质量分数对树脂基复合材料力学性能的影响规律.结果表明:多壁碳纳米管的加入可有效地改善树脂基复合材料的韧性和强度,当多壁碳纳米管质量分数为0.7％时,树脂基复合材料的力学性能最佳.加人多壁碳纳米管后,树脂基复合材料的玻璃化转变温度降低,且相容性良好.     

不同增强体镁基复合材料的阻尼性能

研究了短切碳纤维、碳化硅晶须、硼酸铝晶须为增强体的镁基复合材料在外加载荷下的阻尼性能,测量了它们的力学性能与断口特性。研究表明：增强体不同的镁基复合材料,阻尼性能不同;在所研究的几种增强体复合材料中,以短切碳纤维增强镁基复合材料的阻尼效果最好;短切碳纤维增强铁基复合材料界面对内耗有明显的影响。     

舰船复合材料层合板结构疲劳可靠性分析方法初探

首先,提出了基于应力-强度干涉模型的舰用复合材料结构疲劳可靠性分析方法,即以可靠度指标对舰艇复合材料结构的正常使用安全性加以评价,并将复合材料结构正常使用安全性问题转换为结构在疲劳和环境载荷作用下的损伤与性能退化机理研究以及可靠度计算问题;然后,基于复合材料力学性能的离散特性,进一步探讨了常规安全系数与可靠度的联系;最后,通过算例给出了在已知结构工作应力分布特征和材料疲劳强度特性条件下,如何求解指定服役期间复合材料结构疲劳可靠度的计算方法和计算流程,并对照给出了相应的安全系数,计算得出疲劳可靠度R为0.933。     

烧结助剂对热压SiCw/Si3N4复合材料性能的影响

本文通过热压的方法分别制得以Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ｌａ２Ｏ３为烧结助剂的ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷基复合材料，对比了采用不同种类及含量的烧结助剂的ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料的性能结果，发现烧结助剂的种类及含量对ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性有明显的影响，对高温弯曲强度的影响尤为显著。     

某型飞机平尾轴疲劳断裂失效分析

采用台架试验装置对某型飞机平尾轴进行了疲劳试验,通过断口的观察分析、断口部位的金相分析、硬度检测、有限元结构应力分析,确定了平尾轴的失效模式,并对其断裂失效原因进行了分析。结果表明：平尾轴的断裂性质为疲劳断裂,裂纹源均起源于大轴简体内壁加工刀痕形成的沟槽处,变截面圆弧造成的结构应力集中和粗糙加工刀痕形成的附加应力集中是造成大轴疲劳断裂的主要原因。关键词：平尾轴;疲劳断裂;失效分析;应力集中     

带壳体云爆弹药液体燃料抛撒的数值模拟

建立了带壳体云爆弹药数值模拟模型,分析了圆柱壳体的断裂准则。壳体材料采用Johnson-Cook热粘性本构方程,断裂准则采用Taylor断裂应力准则,应用Autodyn软件进行了数值模拟,给出了内部爆炸载荷下液体燃料的压力曲线和速度曲线,并进行了分析。     

基于仪器化压入技术的结构陶瓷材料断裂韧性测试

利用自主研制的仪器化压入仪,采用Vickers压头对氮化硅和氧化锆2种结构陶瓷进行了仪器化压入试验,通过压入载荷-深度曲线可识别材料的弹性模量E,通过测量压痕对角线直径可确定材料的维氏硬度HV,再通过测量压痕裂纹扩展长度即可得到材料的断裂韧性KIC,实现了在单一压入仪上基于Vickers压头对结构陶瓷材料断裂韧性的测试。与传统压痕法利用硬度计或纳米压入仪测试陶瓷材料断裂韧性相比,试验更简单快捷,可靠性高,同时测得信息量也更为丰富。试验测得2种结构陶瓷的断裂韧性分别为4.77～5.82 MPa.m1/2和7.22～8.94 MPa.m1/2。     

An efficient SPH methodology for modelling mechanical characteristics of particulate composites

Particulate composites are one of the widely used materials in producing numerous state-of-the-art components in biomedical, automobile, aerospace including defence technology. Variety of modelling techniques have been adopted in the past to model mechanical behaviour of particulate composites. Due to their favourable properties, particle-based methods provide a convenient platform to model failure or fracture of these composites. Smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is one of such methods which demonstrate excellent potential for modelling failure or fracture of particulate composites in a Lagrangian setting. One of the major challenges in using SPH method for modelling composite materials depends on accurate and efficient way to treat interface and boundary conditions. In this paper, a master-slave method based multi-freedom constraints is proposed to impose essential boundary conditions and interfacial displacement constraints in modelling mechanical behaviour of composite materials using SPH method. The proposed methodology enforces the above constraints more accurately and requires only smaller condition number for system stiffness matrix than the procedures based on typical penalty function approach. A minimum cut-off value-based error criteria is employed to improve the compu-tational efficiency of the proposed methodology. In addition, the proposed method is further enhanced by adopting a modified numerical interpolation scheme along the boundary to increase the accuracy and computational efficiency. The numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed master-slave approach yields better accuracy in enforcing displacement constraints and requires approximately the same computational time as that of penalty method.     

韧性材料梁在爆炸载荷作用下的全塑性动态断裂

本文运用刚塑性分析方法,研究了带裂纹韧性材料梁在爆炸载荷作用下的塑性动态断裂过程,建立了简支梁的运动和断裂过程的控制方程。本文考虑了应变率对梁的运动和断裂过程的影响,以及由于断裂引起的附加轴向力对梁的断裂过程的影响,给出了梁的裂纹启裂和上裂的时刻及其条件,以及裂纹扩展长度、裂改扩展速度、断裂截面上弯曲力矩和附加轴向力随时间的变化规律。     

Research on the intermediate phase of 40CrMnSiB steel shell under different heat treatments

In this study, 40CrMnSiB steel cylindrical shells were tempered at 350, 500 and 600 ℃ to study the effect of tempering temperature on the dynamic process of expansion and fracture of the metal shell. A mid-explosion recovery experiment for the metal cylinder under internal explosive loading was designed, and the wreckage of the casings at the intermediate phase was obtained. The effects of different tempering temperatures on the macroscopic and microscopic fracture characteristics of 40CrMnSiB steel were studied. The influence of tempering temperatures on the fracture characteristic parameters of the recovered wreckage were measured and analyzed, including the circumferential divide size, the thick-ness and the number of the circumferential divisions. The results show that as the tempering temper-ature was increased from 350 to 600 ℃, at first, the degree of fragmentation and the fracture characteristic parameters of the recovered wreckage changed significantly and then became essentially consistent. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed flow-like structure characteristics caused by adiabatic shear on different fracture surfaces. At the detonation initiation end of the casing, fracturing was formed by tearing along the crack, which existed a distance from the initiation end and propagated along the axis direction. In contrast, the fracturing near the middle position consists of a plurality of radial shear fracture units. The amount of alloy carbide that was precipitated during the tempering process increased continuously with tempering temperature, leading to an increasing number of spherical carbide particles scattered around the fracture surface.     

某型车辆扭力轴疲劳断裂失效分析

某型车辆扭力轴在端部附近易发生早期疲劳断裂失效。通过断口分析、金相分析等方法研究了扭力轴的失效机理,并通过有限元建模进行了扭力轴的结构应力分析。结果表明:扭力轴端部存在疲劳断裂危险面,以及次表层蕴含大尺寸夹杂是扭力轴失效的主要原因。     

Influence of Al2O3 particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing

The influence of three factors, such as volume percentage of reinforcement particles (i.e. Al₂O₃), tool tilt angle and concave angle of shoulder, on the mechanical properties of Cu–Al₂O₃ surface composites fabricated via friction stir processing was studied. Taguchi method was used to optimize these factors for maximizing the mechanical properties of surface composites. The fabricated surface composites were examined by optical microscope for dispersion of reinforcement particles. It was found that Al₂O₃ particles are uniformly dispersed in the stir zone. The tensile properties of the surface composites increased with the increase in the volume percentage of the Al₂O₃ reinforcement particles. This is due to the addition of the reinforcement particles which increases the temperature of recrystallization by pinning the grain boundaries of the copper matrix and blocking the movement of the dislocations. The observed mechanical properties are correlated with microstructure and fracture features.     

瓦纳线与铜石墨材料断裂特性

通过测量材料力学性能和观察断口形貌,讨论铜石墨材料断口形貌中的瓦纳线与材料断裂特性的关系,发现瓦纳线是铜石墨材料韧性断裂的标志;结合材料微观结构特性,分析应力波的传播及其对材料的作用,认为瓦纳线是横波在材料中传播所引起的塑性变形.