LD10cs薄板表面裂纹弹塑性疲劳扩展速率实验技术研究

本文提出用有机颜料着色法检测表面裂纹疲劳扩展时的尺寸和形状,其结果表明,这是铝合金薄板表面裂纹测深行之有效的方法;且对表面裂纹弹塑性疲劳扩展中的其它问题,即韧带、背表面屈服、裂纹形状变化规律和裂纹穿透点进行了研究,最后用线弹簧模型处理了疲劳数据,并得出了一些结论。     

McEvily公式的改进及其在疲劳扩展寿命评估中的应用

疲劳裂纹扩展寿命评估的关键是要有适宜的疲劳裂纹扩展公式。通过对McEvily公式的深入研究,综合考虑弹塑性行为的影响、裂纹的闭合效应,并对曲线斜率进行“最小二乘法”拟合,得到了改进的McEvily公式。采用某航天发射塔架A3钢的疲劳裂纹扩展数据进行分析验证,得出McEvily改进公式对疲劳裂纹扩展寿命具有更强的评估能力。     

921A 钢结构低周疲劳裂纹扩展特性试验研究

采用预制缺口的平板和加筋板结构试样,对 921A 钢进行了拉伸疲劳载荷作用下的低周疲劳试验得到了拉伸疲劳载荷作用下舰体结构破口裂纹扩展规律,提出了破损舰体结构在疲劳载荷作用下裂纹开裂和后续扩展的判据.该试验结果可直接用于分析和预报破损舰船结构在波浪中航行时的裂纹扩展情况,并为破损舰船的剩余疲劳寿命预报奠定了基础.     

含裂纹钢板复合材料修补疲劳寿命数值分析

用ANSYS有限元软件对复合材料修复含边裂纹、中心裂纹和切口的钢板的疲劳寿命进行了数值分析.研究了边裂纹、中心裂纹长度对钢板疲劳寿命的影响,分析了碳纤维增强复合材料对3种损伤钢板疲劳寿命的修复效果.计算结果显示,修补后结构件的疲劳寿命可延长3～50倍.     

飞机结构疲劳可靠度贝叶斯组合预测

在实际工程中,常常需要利用模型去描述和分析问题。然而模型亦存在不确定性,即可能存在多个描述同一现象的模型,例如多个疲劳分析的模型。针对飞机结构的疲劳可靠性问题,提出在考虑三种裂纹扩展模型下基于贝叶斯公式的疲劳可靠度组合预测方法。针对不同应力水平下飞机结构试件的裂纹扩展数据建立了三种随机裂纹扩展模型;在考虑模型参数不确定性条件下,采用贝叶斯模型平均方法对三种模型进行组合;基于组合模型分析结构的可靠度。所提方法在分析飞机结构疲劳可靠度上,采用了组合模型,能够最大限度保障结果的稳定性。此外,考虑了模型参数的不确定性,能够得到更为合理的裂纹扩展预测分布和可靠度预测值。给出的实例及分析结果表明所提方法可行。     

LD10cs 铝合金焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率的研究

本文研究用表面裂纹法测试LD10cs铝合金板材焊接接头各部位疲劳裂纹扩展速率。结果表明:焊接接头各部位疲劳裂纹扩展速率随焊接热循环引起的金属组织变化而变化,有一定规律性。熔合线和焊趾处疲劳裂纹扩展速率较其他部位大。焊缝加强高的存在,引起焊趾处应力集中,使该处疲劳性能进一步恶化,成为焊接接头疲劳性能最差的部位。结合金相组织和扫描电镜分析,对影响焊接接头各部位疲劳裂纹扩展速率的各种因素作了较详细的探讨,并提出了改进焊缝质量的建议。     

内压作用下复合材料修复裂纹管道的失效分析

为准确评估在内压作用下纤维复合材料修复含裂纹管道的有效性及失效压力,建立复合材料修复后裂纹管道的失效数值模型。该数值模型通过扩展有限元法模拟管道裂纹的扩展,利用cohesive单元模拟胶层的脱粘失效,复合材料的失效通过最大应力失效准则进行判定。通过静水压爆裂试验对所提失效数值模型进行验证,实验结果与数值计算结果具有较好的一致性。失效数值分析结果表明:当内压增大至一定值后,未修复管道的初始裂纹沿轴向及壁厚方向逐渐扩展,进而使得管道内壁单元扩展成真实裂纹,此时真实裂纹贯穿整个壁厚方向,即认为裂纹管道发生爆裂失效,爆裂失效压力随初始裂纹半长呈指数形式下降。复合材料修复裂纹管道的不同修复工况呈现相同的失效模式:在单调递增的内压作用下,管道内表面首先出现黏结裂纹,而后其外表面裂纹张开趋势急剧上升,使得复合材料层应力急剧上升,达到极限强度而失效。且对于不同的初始裂纹尺寸,存在对应的复合材料缠绕层数临界值。     

冲击载荷作用下身管疲劳行为研究

传统身管疲劳寿命评定采用实弹射击和实验室液压疲劳试验相结合的方法进行,未充分考虑火炮发射时动态载荷对身管的冲击疲劳作用.为此,研制了身管冲击液压疲劳试验装置,为揭示身管冲击疲劳规律提供了新手段.依托该装置,在实验室条件下再现了身管胀膛和膛炸现象.试验结果表明:在冲击载荷作用下,身管壁内主裂纹逐渐形成并沿径向扩展,造成身...     

对接厚板表面裂纹的残余应力强度因子

利用线弹簧模型求解对接厚板表面裂纹的残余应力强度因子。基于Reissner板理论和连续分布位错思想,将对接厚板表面裂纹问题归结为一组Cauchy型奇异积分方程,并采用Gauss-Chebyshev方法给出了奇异积分方程的数值结果,并与有限元解进行比较,计算结果表明:用线弹簧模型解决含残余应力表面裂纹问题不仅是合理可行的,而且是一种简单方便的方法,便于工程实际应用。     

采用扩展有限元法的线式爆炸分离装置裂纹扩展分析

为了提高线式爆炸分离装置的安全性,本研究基于扩展有限元法,通过创建二维和三维动态裂纹扩展模型,探索了线式爆炸分离装置在爆轰波作用过程中的动态裂纹扩展和止裂机理。研究表明,分离壳体的裂纹扩展路径独立于裂纹初始角度;不考虑载荷时序时,二维和三维动态裂纹扩展的主方向分别沿着分离壳体的径向和环向;考虑载荷时序时,受不同区域应力波的联合作用,三维裂纹沿环向扩展的同时会沿着轴向扩展,但裂纹的扩展均不会影响到止裂槽以外的结构。所提方法和相应结论可为线式爆炸分离装置设计提供参考。     

非均匀复合材料中裂纹扩展过程的数值模拟

应用有限单元法和最大正应力准则,引入楔形界面过渡层模型,求解相应的特征函数,准确地确定界面裂纹第一步开裂角,模拟了裂纹在非均匀复合材料中的扩展过程。结果表明:裂纹扩展初期呈波浪式前进,并最终沿着与最大正应力垂直的方向前进。这对此类结构的防断控制具有指导意义。     

爆炸复合接头剪切强度测试方法研究

参照正交各向异性层压复合板层间剪切强度的测试方法,提出了用于测试爆炸复合接头复合界面剪切强度的3种方法;并建立三维有限元模型,分别对3种测试方法进行模拟;最后分别对3种方法进行了测试试验.结果表明,3种试验方法均能有效测试爆炸复合接头的剪切强度,其中对称试件双切口拉伸法最适合实际应用.     

Effect of welding processes and consumables on fatigue crack growth behaviour of armour grade quenched and tempered steel joints

Quenched and Tempered (Q&T) steels are widely used in the construction of military vehicles due to its high strength to weight ratio and high hardness. These steels are prone to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) in the heat affected zone (HAZ) after welding. The use of austenitic stainless steel (ASS) consumables to weld the above steel was the only available remedy because of higher solubility for hydrogen in austenitic phase. The use of stainless steel consumables for a non-stainless steel base metal is not economical. Hence, alternate consumables for welding Q&T steels and their vulnerability to HIC need to be explored. Recent studies proved that low hydrogen ferritic steel (LHF) consumables can be used to weld Q&T steels, which can give very low hydrogen levels in the weld deposits. The use of ASS and LHF consumables will lead to distinct microstructures in their respective welds. This microstructural heterogeneity will have a drastic influence in the fatigue crack growth resistance of armour grade Q&T steel welds. Hence, in this investigation an attempt has been made to study the influence of welding consumables and welding processes on fatigue crack growth behaviour of armour grade Q&T Steel joints. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) and Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) were used for fabrication of joints using ASS and LHF consumables. The joints fabricated by SMAW process using LHF consumable exhibited superior fatigue crack growth resistance than all other joints.     

氧化锆陶瓷Ⅱ-Ⅲ复合型裂纹的综合相变增韧作用

采用综合相变准则和应变能释放率判据对氧化锆陶瓷Ⅱ-Ⅲ复合型裂纹的增韧结果进行了理论计算。分别给出了静止裂纹和定常扩展裂纹相变增韧的理论表达式。结果表明:综合相变对静止裂纹有微小的负屏蔽效应,对扩展裂纹的增初结果与材料的剪切模量、相变尾区高度和相变体积分数成正比,并且增韧值随着K_Ⅲ/K_Ⅱ比值的增大而减小,表明相变对Ⅱ型裂纹的增韧效果相对Ⅲ型裂纹更显著。     

Development of multi-physics numerical simulation model to investigate thermo-mechanical fatigue crack propagation in an autofrettaged gun barrel

In this research, a detailed multi-physics study has been carried out by numerically simulating a solid fractured gun barrel for 20 thermo-mechanical cycles. The numerical model is based on thermal effects, mechanical stress fields and fatigue crack mechanics. Elastic-plastic material data of modified AISI 4340 at temperatures ranging from 25 to 1200 °C and at strain rates of 4, 16, 32 and 48 s⁻¹ was acquired from high-temperature compression tests. This was used as material property data in the simulation model. The boundary conditions applied are kept similar to the working gun barrel during continuous firing. A methodology has been provided to define thermo-mechanically active surface-to-surface type interface between the crack faces for a better approximation of stresses at the crack tip. Comparison of results from non-autofrettaged and autofrettaged simulation models provide useful information about the evolution of strains and stresses in the barrel at different points under combined thermo-mechanical loading cycles in both cases. The effect of thermal fatigue under already induced compressive yield due to autofrettage and the progressive degradation of the accumulated stresses due to thermo-mechanical cyclic loads on the internal surface of the gun barrel (mimicking the continuous firing scenario) has been analyzed. Comparison between energy release rate at tips of varying crack lengths due to cyclic thermo-mechanical loading in the non-autofrettaged and autofrettaged gun has been carried out.     

双材料界面裂纹的加料有限元方法

为解决求解双材料界面裂纹应力强度因子等断裂参量的困难,在常规单元位移模式中引入界面裂纹尖端位移场,构建加料界面裂纹单元和过渡单元的位移模式,推出了加料有限元方程。采用不同的加料单元和过渡单元配置方案,建立了方形板中心界面裂纹和矩形板单边斜界面裂纹的加料有限元模型,求解有限元方程直接得到应力强度因子,与解析解的结果对比,表明该方法具有较高的精度,可方便地推广应用于界面裂纹的计算分析中。     

A probability model for initial crack size and fatigue life of gun barrels

With constant firing, metal fatigue produces cracks in a gun barrel. The useful life of the barrel comes to an end when a crack develops to a critical size. The theory of Fracture Mechanics suggests a formula for crack size growth rate. This formula can be used to determine the life of a barrel, depending on the initial and critical crack sizes and other factors. The initial crack size turns out to be a dominant factor. Unfortunately, accurate measurements are not generally available on the initial crack size. In this paper, we propose a simple probability model for the initial crack size and this, in turn, leads to a probability distribution of the life of the barrel. This last distribution is the well-known exponential distribution with a location shift. The simplicity of this final result is one of the factors that make the model appealing.     

粘弹性界面裂纹相似界面单元聚缩解

提出了粘弹性界面裂纹分析的相似界面单元聚缩解法。该方法在裂纹尖端附近划分相似界面单元,多层相似单元形成一个子结构;然后利用相似界面单元具有类似刚度矩阵的特点,将子结构内的大量自由度聚缩后再求解。作为算例,求解了双粘弹性材料和弹—粘弹性材料矩形板单边裂纹的拉伸问题。