一种频率可重构短波宽带鞭状天线设计

针对目前10 m短波鞭状天线存在的低频段增益和效率低的问题,基于入侵性野草(invasive weed optimization,IWO)算法和分波段加载匹配网络重构技术,设计了一款分波段短波宽带鞭状天线;然后,采用IWO算法对每个分波段内天线的加载网络和匹配网络分别进行了优化,设置了不同标称阻抗、传输线变压器变比以及下加载点的位置;最后,进行了仿真分析,结果表明:所提方法使低频段天线增益最多提高了6 d B,有效解决了该天线低频段的增益缺陷。     

基于二进制BMO算法的稀疏直线阵列方向图综合

针对蝴蝶交配优化算法(butterfly mating optimization,BMO)无法处理离散的问题,首先提出了一种二进制蝴蝶交配优化(binary butterfly mating optimization,BBMO)算法,并将该算法应用到阵列天线的稀疏优化设计中;然后,以最大副瓣电平为优化目标,对100元直线阵进行了稀疏,优化后得到的最大副瓣电平为-21.28dB,稀疏比例为24%,优化结果好于GA、ACO、BDE、BPSO等算法,证明了该算法的优越性。     

基于蝴蝶交配优化算法的阵列方向函数峰值计算

针对蝴蝶交配优化算法的通讯机理进行了研究,分析了蝴蝶交配优化算法中元蝴蝶的UV信息更新、散布、局部伴侣选择机制和影响因素。在二元半波振子天线阵列模型的基础上,采用蝴蝶交配优化算法对天线方向图主瓣最大值进行了计算,并与萤火虫种群算法的运算结果进行了对比,验证了蝴蝶交配优化算法解决函数峰值问题的可行性和有效性。     

阵列天线方向图的优化设计

本文基于二次规划理论研究了一种阵列天线方向图的优化方法，有效综合阵列天线方向图，达到控制主瓣扫描方向、旁瓣电平大小、零点方向等设计要求。这种方向图综合理论与传统综合方法相比，概念清晰，便于理解,优化过程简单，无需迭代操作。为了验证上述优化方法的可行性，本文给出了计算机数值仿真结果。     

复杂海战场环境下AUV全局路径规划方法

针对无人自主水下航行器(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, AUV)在复杂海战场环境中路径规划时环境模型复杂、约束条件多的情况,建立了包括战场地形、敌方威胁、障碍物和海流场等在内的比较完善的海战场环境模型。以AUV航行时间、威胁时间最短为优化目标,给出了一种基于振荡型入侵野草优化(Invasive Weeds Optimization, IWO)算法的AUV全局路径规划方法,并分别与标准IWO算法、全振荡型IWO算法以及粒子群算法等三种路径规划算法比较。仿真结果表明,所提方法具有较强的寻优能力和鲁棒性,可在复杂海战场环境下为AUV高效地规划出满足性能要求的航行路径。     

遗传算法在阵列天线误差校正及优化中的应用

针对阵元位置误差影响DOA估计算法性能的问题,采用遗传算法寻找阵元的最佳位置进行校正。然后研究了在阵元数一定、放置范围可变和阵元放置范围一定、阵元个数可变的情况下,如何利用遗传算法对阵列进行优化。最后给出了计算机仿真结果。结果表明这种方法可以有效地对天线阵列进行误差校正及优化。     

一种新型的OFDM智能天线

根据自适应天线阵列理论,结合给定的参考波束的误差,引入虚拟干扰的概念,对目标波束图形状进行调整,提出一种新的可以应用于任意类型天线阵列的波束综合算法.应用提出的新算法,在主瓣和旁瓣位置都可以对波束进行有效的调节.最终获得阵列的最优权矢量,能够最小化目标波束图与参考波束图间的差异.理论分析与仿真结果表明,与现有的同类算法相比,该算法能更有效地获得与参考波束基本相符的波束.应用于OFDM智能天线系统时,对不同子载波频率上信号进行单独处理,利用该算法进行波束综合,能够在整个有效频段,使所有子载波上获得基本一致的阵列输出.     

引入区域量化的相控阵天线维修优化模型

针对大型相控阵天线维修成本高、多部件维修时机难以确定、模型仿真计算困难等问题,提出一种引入区域量化的维修优化模型。建立天线阵列的区域量化模型,将天线阵列维修问题转化成一个由不同区域阵元组成的k/n系统维修优化问题。以使用可用度为约束条件,以单位时间维修费用最小为优化目标,建立引入区域量化的大型相控阵天线多部件视情维修决策优化模型,并通过算例仿真与分析进行了模型验证。结果表明:提出的维修优化模型真实有效,能够很好地解决分布不均匀的相控阵天线维修优化问题。     

基于仅相位加权的宽零陷低副瓣波束赋形方法

针对采用对阵元施加幅度和相位激励或位置扰动等传统宽零陷形成技术,存在工程实现复杂且难度较大的问题,提出了一种仅改变相位分布的阵列天线宽零陷低副瓣波束赋形优化算法。该方法通过建立仅相位加权的宽零陷波束赋形目标模型,采用融合混沌搜索技术的改进粒子群算法进行优化,获得阵列天线各单元的馈电相位分布,在不改变各单元馈电幅度分布的前提下形成预定宽零陷波束形状,并达到低副瓣设计要求。仿真结果验证了采用新方法能够保持低副瓣下形成较深的宽零陷,具有快速收敛和较好稳健性的优点。     

基于自适应算法的锥面共形天线阵列方向图综合

以弹载共形相控阵雷达导引头天线为应用背景,将共形天线技术与自适应阵列处理技术相结合,通过欧拉坐标变换,建立了基于有向阵元的锥面共形天线阵列方向图模型,应用了一种基于最大信噪比准则的自适应算法对锥面天线阵列进行了方向图综合。该算法通过对副瓣区域干扰信号的迭代得到一组最优复加权矢量,仿真结果表明该算法可以在三维空间实现对主波束指向以及副瓣电平的控制。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.