基于BP神经网络的柴油机动态输出扭矩预测建模

比照测试柴油机负荷特性方法对某型废气涡轮增压柴油机进行了全工况热平衡台架试验,并以柴油机各稳定工况点台架试验的转速、加油尺杆位移、排气温度及相应输出扭矩的测试数据为训练、测试样本,通过BP神经网络的反复学习,得到了精度较高且泛化能力较强的柴油机动态输出扭矩预测模型。     

关于内燃机原理若干问题的分析

本文分析了柴油机的最大扭矩、扭矩储备系数、喷油系统喷油量与柱塞几何供油量的差异和变化规律,认为这3个参数的现行定义不尽合理,并给出了新的定义。     

采用分段喷油的柴油机数值计算与分析

基于三维工作过程模拟程序,建立某型坦克柴油机数值计算模型并进行模拟计算,通过比较模拟计算结果与试验测量数据对模型进行验证.对于该型柴油机模拟匹配压电共轨燃油喷射系统,采用由预喷-主喷-后喷组成的分段喷油.针对由原燃烧室和选用的缩口燃烧室结构以及不同的喷油定时的组成的三个匹配方案,进行了数值计算,并根据计算结果进行了分析比较.计算结果和分析表明采用分段喷油能显著提高该柴油机的功率和扭矩输出,降低燃油消耗率和碳烟以及未燃碳氢的排放,而选用缩口型燃烧室更有利于配合压电共轨系统的分段喷油.     

柴油机模糊控制设计仿真与分析

针对柴油机难以采用常规PID控制的问题,应用模糊控制理论,对柴油机进行了模糊控制器的设计,在建立的模拟仿真系统上,进行了模糊控制下的柴油机的空载自由加速过程的模拟,并与PID控制下相同过程的速度、扭矩、燃油量随时间变化曲线进行了比较和分析。结果表明：与常规PID控制相比,模糊控制的效果满足要求,能解决柴油机的复杂控制问题。     

一种废气涡轮增压柴油机的动态仿真模型

针对采用RQV调速器、进气中冷器以及MPC排气系统的废气涡轮增压柴油机进行研究,提出了其动态工作的仿真模型.利用所提出的模型编程计算了柴油机油门突增和负荷突减2种典型工况下调速器齿条位移、柴油机转速、有效扭矩和有效比油耗的瞬时变化.结果表明该废气涡轮增压柴油机动态仿真模型可用来详细研究该类柴油机的动态工作过程,能够为研究、设计及改进柴油机性能提供一种新的途径.     

生物柴油降低装甲车辆柴油机排放的试验研究

在柴油中添加20%的生物柴油,通过试验研究了掺混后的燃料对装甲车辆柴油机动力输出和排放的影响。结果表明：添加20%的生物柴油对各转速下最大输出扭矩影响不大,最大降幅小于2%;常用转速下（1400r/min）全负荷范围内降低碳烟的效果较好,可降低23%～100%;同时,HC排放量可降低11%～70%,CO排放量可降低33%;外特性工况下,在中、高转速时亦可降低碳烟排放22%～46%,但NOx排放有一定程度升高,部分工况下升高10%左右。     

柴油机热力性能的灰色预测

提出了一种基于柴油机示功图数据分析及灰色预测理论的柴油机热力性能预测方法.该方法从一系列实测示功图压力数据中还原燃烧规律,提取燃烧规律曲线的特征值,并采用灰色预测理论来预测未来的燃烧规律,代入柴油机工作过程计算程序中得到其各热力参数,具有一定的理论及实用价值.     

基于有限元法的脉冲负载下高弹联轴器轴向力计算方法

以应用于脉冲柴油机发电机组中的高弹联轴器为研究对象,利用CATIA建立高弹联轴器的三维模型导入到Hyper Mesh中进行有限元网格划分,再将其有限元模型导入ANSYS中进行仿真分析,模拟其橡胶块在脉冲负载作用下的动态性能,对高弹联轴器在柴油机输出扭矩和脉冲负载同时作用时产生的轴向力进行仿真计算。结果表明:高弹联轴器在该工况下产生的轴向力较大,并且橡胶块在受交变应力作用时产生多应力集中点。仿真结果与Rivlin经典理论计算结果有较好的一致性,可为消磁舰船动力装置、消磁电站发电机组等场合下的弹性联轴器的选型设计提供参考。     

基于磨损的柴油机性能灰色预测

柴油机性能传统的预测方法需要大量的统计数据,在数据较少的情况下无法使用.文中对磨损与漏气量的关系以及漏气量对柴油机性能的影响进行了分析,基于一组磨损与漏气量的数据,采用灰色预测理论对柴油机性能进行了预测.结果表明,预测值与实测值两者基本一致.     

高原环境对车辆动力舱温度场及红外特性影响研究

高原环境下,发动机、冷却系统等部件的运行状况发生较大变化,对动力舱室热环境产生影响,给目标的红外特性预测带来困难。对高原环境下动力舱及内部柴油机的运行状况进行仿真,采用GT-POWER软件建立一维传热模型,对柴油机在西藏贡觉县运行时的状况进行模拟,并将结果与高原环境下三维目标温度场模型进行耦合,获得动力舱的三维温度场分布情况。基于此建立目标红外辐射特征模型,对动力舱的辐射特性进行计算。结果表明：相较于平原地区,高原地区柴油机的燃烧状况较差,功率及扭矩分别降低160 kW和782 N·m,有效燃油消耗率增大46 g/(kW·h);动力舱室表面温度有不同程度降低;排烟及周围部位的温度场及红外特征更为明显。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.