潜艇在带状航道内的搜索战术优化

研究了潜艇在带状航道内搜索目标时的搜索战术优化问题.建立了潜艇迎目标搜索的发现概率模型,对于不同的潜艇与目标的航速比(k)和带状航道最大可能宽度与潜艇等效探测距离之比(W/de),给出了使得发现概率(Pd)达到最大的潜艇折返搜索最优夹角(α).最后,对反潜飞机在带状航道内搜索水下航行的潜艇的情况作了进一步的讨论.     

LFM脉冲雷达距离维快速搜索处理算法

针对脉冲雷达近距离目标遮挡问题,从理论上分析了雷达最小作用距离不受限于脉冲宽度.在此基础上,以Chirp脉冲为例,提出了一种适合远近距离全程目标的快速搜索处理算法.该算法只需发射一种宽脉冲波形,而不必根据距离的变化改变脉宽,从而有效缩短了搜索时间,大大提高了搜索效率.仿真结果表明了理论分析的正确性和算法的有效性.     

改进遗传算法在传声器阵列优化中的应用

规则平面阵列因其结构周期性,在进行波束综合时存在主瓣宽、旁瓣电平高等问题。对此,提出一种基于改进遗传算法的阵列优化方法。设计平面栅格传声器阵列,以满足阵元间距的要求,并构造以主瓣宽度为约束条件、以全局旁瓣电平为适应度的目标函数,对常规遗传算法进行改进,采取个体间自由交叉、随机的阵元数量强制变异的策略来增大种群的搜索范围。通过仿真,得到多个优化阵列,与几种规则平面阵列相比,在不同的信噪比输入下,经过改进遗传算法优化得到的随机阵列均有更好的表现。而相比于几种常规的优化算法,改进的遗传算法具有更强的搜索能力,得到数量更多、性能更优的随机阵列,由此证明了所提方法的可行性。     

序列近似优化方法及其在火箭外形快速设计中的应用

针对序列近似优化方法在代理模型构造与采样策略等方面的不足,基于采样点局部密度,引入与局部密度成反比的样本点影响体积概念,通过优化总影响体积确定径向基函数最优核宽度,满足序列近似优化过程不同规模、非均匀样本条件下的函数近似需要;建立潜在可行域最大距离加点准则,并与潜在最优加点准则结合平衡算法的探索能力与开发能力;建立三步收敛判定准则;构建改进序列近似优化的算法流程。对于Golinski减速器的优化设计问题,算法在目标函数调用42次后便搜索到全局最优解,体现了其良好的全局寻优能力与搜索效率。以"天航二号"火箭为例,建立其外形优化问题数学模型,所提优化方法在调用原始计算模型165次之后便搜索到全局最优解,大大提高了设计效率,同时飞行试验也表明设计结果满足要求。     

法国“戴高乐”航母上的一天

“戴高乐”号是法国建造的第一艘核动力航母,其满载排水量40500吨。舰长261.5米,宽31.5米,吃水8.5米。飞行甲板长261.5米,宽64.4米,分为纵向甲板与斜向甲板两部分,飞行甲板面积达12000平方米。可以搭载近40架固定翼飞机,能够连续7昼夜以每天出动飞机百架次的频率持续作战。1850名海军官兵和近200名飞行人员不分昼夜的轮班工作,保证了航母的正常运转。2004年3月初,我有幸和法国三军防务学院的几个同学一     

反舰巡航导弹多弹联合攻击研究

通过分析单枚导弹攻击和舰艇防空存在的问题,提出以多导弹联合攻击的方式弥补单枚反舰导弹攻击搜索、突防和毁伤方面存在的不足,通过构建搜索有效半宽、队形变换和雷达开机点模型,阐述了多弹联合攻击的发射、搜索、突防和毁伤评估过程.     

基于改进克隆选择算法的复杂系统测试选择

为了解决复杂系统测试优化选择问题,提出了一种基于改进克隆选择算法的测试选择方法.该方法针对测试选择问题的具体特点,对基本克隆选择算法进行了以下改进:采用二进制编码方式进行抗体编码,选用加性分段函数形式构建亲和度函数,利用混沌搜索优化初始种群的生成方式,并引入免疫网络的抗体抑制操作对抗体种群进行预处理.最后,以某实际系统为例进行了算法验证,实验结果表明:该方法搜索效率高,具有很强的全局和局部搜索能力,可有效解决复杂装备系统测试性设计中的测试优化选择问题.     

压制条件下声纳搜索效能分析

主被动声纳搜索时备次接续探测之间有检测概率的累积.在考虑连续探测的相关性且有水声干扰的情况下,建立了捷径曲线函数和有效搜索宽度计算模型.通过计算噪声干扰器压制前后有效搜索宽度的变化和噪声干扰器在不同位置有效搜索宽度的变化,建立了一种新的定量评估声纳作战效能的有效方法,并对压制条件下的声纳搜索效能进行了评价.计算实例与实...     

往返搜索发现概率仿真分析与应用

往返搜索是一种最常见的搜索样式,其搜索效能与搜索宽度、发现距离、搜索速度、突破速度等因素密切相关。在建立往返搜索行动模型的基础上,通过仿真实验得到耕耘数据,进而通过数据分析和处理得到往返搜索发现概率的经验公式。应用经验公式并结合声纳探测模型,对多搜索艇分段封锁搜索案例进行了优化研究。     

基于最优化模型的太阳影子定位方法

针对利用太阳影子实现目标的定位问题,分析得到影响影子长度的参数,确立了影长与太阳高度角、目标物长度、经纬度等的函数关系,并结合最小二乘法思想,建立了以理论影长与实际影长之差的平方和最小为目标的优化模型。以直杆为例,运用粒子群优化算法快速求解得到目标的可能位置,并与实际地点进行了比较。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.