计算机生成兵力仿真引擎HYCGF的研究

对支持作战仿真应用模型开发、组装、集成与运行的计算机生成兵力引擎HYCGF进行了研究与实现。简述了其应用环境,给出了协同其他工具体系开发计算机生成兵力系统的典型流程,概括了其功能特征。研究了基于模型组装的实体仿真框架结构,通过动态装配各类模型组件,使得实体在表现形式、行为能力、资源描述、受控接口等方面具有高度的灵活性,并提高了模型的重用型。构建了计算机生成兵力系统基础类库,为作战仿真应用开发提供了规范、模式和服务。定义了计算机生成兵力系统运行所依赖的配置体系,可用于描述实体结构、模型参数配置及想定。     

面向体系仿真的智能无人机集群作战建模总体框架研究

提出了智能无人机集群作战建模应当遵循的基本理念.在总体上将"面向体系仿真的智能无人机集群作战建模"视为一个"概念设计—模型建立—分析应用"的完整过程,而非一个孤立的建模仿真活动.为此,提出了涵盖"体系设计—模型训练—想定生成—探索仿真—结果分析"5个基础阶段的建模总体框架,以及包含支撑层、运行层、分析层和应用层在内的能够支撑该框架使用的系统体系架构.该建模总体框架,有助于解决智能无人机集群作战建模中作战概念不清晰、应用场景不明确的问题,同时可以将基于机器学习的智能实体建模技术集成到建模框架当中,以充分反映智能无人机实体及其集群的自学习、自成长特性.     

基于FLAMES和HLA的导弹分队作战仿真系统

研究了基于FLAMES和HLA导弹分队作战仿真。首先介绍了系统架构及工作流程,然后剖析了基于FLAMES和HLA进行导弹分队作战中的仿真实体之间的信息交互机制,最后探讨了基于FLAMES和HLA的开发过程,验证了基于FLAMES和HLA开发的导弹分队作战仿真的实用性,为以后分队作战智能化仿真研究提供借鉴。     

基于仿真的水面舰艇作战能力评价研究

水面舰艇作战能力评价研究目前多沿用静态分析的综合指数法,应用作战仿真可以对装备作战能力进行全面的动态分析.提出了基于作战想定和其仿真结果的评价体系,构建了水面舰艇作战仿真模型体系,并给出调用关系.介绍了以STAGE为平台进行作战仿真开发的用户模型开发和脚本开发方法,建立了基于仿真统计结果的作战能力计算模型.最后,以一组服役驱逐舰作战能力分析的仿真实例验证了评价方法,结果表明该评价方法是合理的.     

基于DWK海洋作战建模与仿真

直接基于HLA/RTI进行分布式仿真系统开发,存在对用户开发经验要求较高的问题,针对这种不足,提出了一种基于DWK(数字化武器开发平台)快速构建海洋作战仿真系统的方法.在简述DWK功能结构的基础上,解决了系统结构设计、实体建模、FOM开发、兵力模型和HLA模型研究、联邦成员开发等多项关键技术,系统的开发过程证明了该方法...     

基于HLA的C^4ISRK作战运用仿真系统探讨

C4ISRK是实现未来信息化战场"网络中心战"概念的一组必要的装备系统.着眼于为C4ISRK系统作战运用项目先期概念技术演示提供仿真平台,提出了C4ISRK系统的概念模型,在此基础上重点研究了基于HLA的C4ISRK作战运用仿真系统的总体框架及其设计,为该仿真系统的建立和仿真实施提供了技术支持.     

电子对抗作战仿真分层半自治Agent系统框架设计

为了在电子对抗作战仿真系统中真实地复现现实作战过程，设计了基于分层半自治Agent的系统框架。从设计电子对抗作战仿真实体Agent的现实意义出发，提出了基于BDI框架的仿真实体Agent设计方法，着重探讨了半自治Agent技术应用于作战仿真领域的巨大优势，明确了个体Agent的设计方法。根据电子对抗作战仿真系统的实体分类结果提出了一种基于分层半自治Agent的系统结构，并分析了不同层次的Agent的功能，为半自治Agent技术应用于电子对抗作战仿真领域提供了思路，具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于FLAMES和HLA的联合作战仿真研究

主要研究基于FLAMES和HLA解决联合作战分布式仿真问题,首先介绍了基于FLAMES进行联合作战仿真开发的优点,然后剖析了基于FLAMES和HLA进行联合作战中的仿真实体之间的信息交互的机制,最后以简单的空地对抗仿真实例,探讨了基于FLAMES和HLA的开发过程,验证了基于FLAMES和HLA开发的联合作战分布式仿真的实用性.应用该仿真平台进行联合作战仿真不仅较大地减少了仿真开发的工作量,提高仿真系统开发的速度,而且能够充分表现出联合作战中多实体交互的特性.     

基于规则推理的海战仿真实体决策方法

研究在海军战术仿真中应用基于规则推理的方法实现作战实体的自主决策行为,该方法用决策规则描述作战实体决策时所依据的军事决策知识,通过对决策规则的推理实现决策作战实体的决策推理过程.分别介绍了作战实体的决策模型、决策规则的知识表示方法以及决策模型的决策推理方法.基于规则推理的海战仿真实体决策方法推理机制接近人类的思维方式,结构逻辑容易为军事人员所掌握,易于理解和维护,便于实现.     

基于构件技术的炮兵作战行动仿真研究

"软件组件"的设计思想应用于作战仿真领域是解决模型重用性和仿真应用之间互操作问题的基本途径,其结构形式是复杂大系统仿真的发展趋势.针对当前联合作战仿真的需要,运用可组构建模思想,以UML为工具建立了炮兵行动模型,并设计了炮兵作战行动类;而后分析了构件设计的基本思路,并设计了基于"平台"的炮兵营机动构件;最后论述了基于"平台"和COM组件技术的炮兵作战行动构件开发的关键技术和基本过程.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.