鱼雷衡重特性对初始弹道的影响分析

建立了鱼雷水下空间弹道数学模型,并针对鱼雷不同的衡重特性,采用四阶龙格库塔法和全选主元高斯消去法进行了仿真计算,分别研究了不同自由角、管制舵角和初始速度时初始弹道的变化规律.仿真结果表明,在质量相对较小、质浮心距离较大时,鱼雷初始弹道更易出现拱水现象,因而不适于在浅深度发射;在质量相对较大、质浮心距离很小时,鱼雷初始弹道出现较大袋深,发射时要求大深度海区.这些现象只能在一定程度上通过调整管制舵角、自由角和发射初始速度来克服.     

水面舰艇发射鱼雷初期弹道优化研究

为了给水面舰艇发射鱼雷提供一定的理论可行性依据,以保证鱼雷的有效使用,减少试验次数和损失。利用动量定理和动量矩定理建立水面舰艇发射鱼雷初期弹道的数学模型。用Runge-Kutta法对鱼雷初期弹道进行仿真,并根据仿真结果分析了各种因素对鱼雷初期弹道的影响,从而得出水面舰艇发射鱼雷时各参数的最优值。     

潜射鱼雷弹道预测模型与仿真

对来袭鱼雷弹道进行预测是实施鱼雷防御的一个前提条件.首先,分析了目前水面舰艇对鱼雷信息的获取方式与特点,指出应以鱼雷方位信息为基准进行弹道预测.其次,从不同类型潜射鱼雷的发射方式和弹道特征着手,分别建立了潜射直航鱼雷、声自导鱼雷、尾流自导鱼雷的弹道预测模型,并归纳了线导鱼雷的导引艇方位分布规律.最后,通过仿真分析不同类型鱼雷的弹道预测效果和影响因素,并定量给出了线导鱼雷的导引艇方位预测偏差范围最小可达3°～5°.该研究成果可有效提高水面舰艇的鱼雷防御效能.     

潜艇正横发射诱饵安全性的建模与仿真

正横布置的潜艇发射装置在发射鱼雷诱饵时,有可能与发射艇的尾部相碰撞,分析了诱饵在发射管内的运动,建立了诱饵发射后在脱离发射管阶段及在初始弹道阶段的弹道数学模型,并以建立的数学模型为基础进行了仿真.仿真结果分析了不安全的内因,提出了为了保证诱饵发射的安全,应合理确定发射时的艇速、诱饵出管速度、合理选择舵角和操舵方式等影响因素.     

火箭助飞鱼雷发控及弹道仿真

针对水面舰艇反潜武器系统研制、火箭助飞鱼雷作战使用研究中对助飞鱼雷的仿真需求,重点研究了助飞鱼雷发射控制仿真方法和空中弹道仿真方法,突破了不同工况不同射程下发动机关机时间建模技术、保证大范围飞行一致性的火箭自适应控制器设计技术。应用表明,所形成的助飞鱼雷武器通道仿真模型能有效模拟助飞鱼雷从发射控制到弹道航行到命中目标的全过程以及作战效果,能够支撑助飞鱼雷发控算法研究以及作战使用研究。     

液压平衡式发射装置自航发射内弹道模型与仿真

基于装备情况,探讨了潜艇液压平衡式发射装置自航发射鱼雷的可行方案,并建立了后端自流补水的自航发射方式的内弹道模型,进行了计算机仿真。通过试验结果描述鱼雷螺旋桨工作特性,分析了自航发射鱼雷出管速度偏低的原因,并提出改进措施。     

飞航式火箭助飞鱼雷弹道建模及仿真

针对垂直发射飞航式火箭助飞鱼雷,分析其在空中各阶段的受力和运动情况,建立相应的空中弹道模型,并对模型进行了仿真,分析了火箭助飞鱼雷总质量、助推发动机推力、巡航发动机推力变化对飞行时间的影响。仿真结果表明,所建立的模型符合火控弹道模型要求,而且文中所建立的模型简明直观,可用于垂直发射飞航式火箭助飞鱼雷的火控解算。     

水下橡胶弹性发射鱼雷内弹道仿真

针对UUV排水量小的特点,提出了结构简单且适用于UUV的一次性橡胶弹性发射器的基本结构方案。在此基础上,运用橡胶本构模型等理论建立了考虑橡胶自然老化和应力松弛的橡胶弹力计算模型以及鱼雷的水下发射内弹道数学模型,进行了橡胶弹性发射器水下发射鱼雷的发射过程仿真,并对橡胶材料老化和应力松弛对内弹道参数的影响进行了分析。仿真结果表明:使用橡胶弹性发射器水下发射轻型鱼雷在原理上具备可行性。     

线导鱼雷导引弹道的动力学分析

通过线导鱼雷常用导引方法—三点法、前置角法导引弹道的动力学分析 ,推导出不同方法下鱼雷旋回速率的解析表达式 ,并通过数字仿真对鱼雷线导导引弹道动力学特性进行探讨 ,明确了线导鱼雷导引弹道特性与导引方法之间的关系 .     

声自导鱼雷攻击弹道工程化分析

本文通过对主被动声自导鱼雷攻击弹道(水平面)几种方式的分析,取长补短,提出了综合攻击弹道的方案,即初始为尾追方式,最后为固定提前角方式攻击。并通过计算机仿真,获得了与世界先进雷取得一致的最佳调整方案。此外,本方案为其它尾追方式攻击的鱼雷提供了改进攻击弹道的依据。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.