OFDM雷达信号子载波调制方式识别方法

针对多径信道下传统方法识别OFDM雷达信号子载波调制方式存在识别正确率较低,识别子载波调制方式不完备,判决门限不易确定等问题,提出一种新颖的OFDM雷达信号子载波调制方式识别方法。利用OFDM雷达信号的瞬时幅度绝对值标准偏差,实现子载波多进制正交振幅调制（MQAM）和多进制相位调制（MPSK）的类间识别,利用组合高阶累积量作为识别特征量,对MQAM和MPSK两类调制方式中的子类间进行分类识别,利用递归降价的方法实现子载波调制阶数M>16的MQAM调制方式的识别。仿真实验结果表明,该方法能够有效实现多径信道下OFDM雷达信号多种子载波调制方式的识别,且识别性能更优,可以识别更完备的子载波调制方式类型。     

基于深度卷积网络的雷达辐射源信号识别

针对当前复杂电磁环境下雷达辐射源信号(radar emitter signal,RES)识别效率不够的问题,提出一种基于深度卷积网络和时频二维特征结构的雷达辐射源信号识别方法。结合雷达辐射源信号时频二维特征结构特性,构造基于深度卷积网络的RES识别分类模型,通过设计样本集训练分类模型,利用类别信息实现网络参数精调。仿真结果验证了模型的可行性和有效性,实现了低信噪比下RES时频二维特征的结构学习和准确识别。     

基于循环谱和2DMSD的MIMO雷达信号调制识别

针对多输入多输出(Multiple-InputMultiple-Output,MIMO)雷达信号调制识别存在的问题,提出一种循环谱和二维最大散度差(Two-DimensionalMaximum Scatter Difference,2DMSD)线性判别分析相结合的新方法。首先对典型MIMO雷达信号进行循环谱变换,在此基础上,利用2DMSD线性判别分析对上述二维图像进行特征提取,最终达到调制识别的目的。仿真结果表明,在低信噪比时,该方法仍然具有较高的识别率。     

基于深度时频特征学习的雷达辐射源识别

针对雷达辐射源识别中拓展能力不足和识别率不高问题进行研究,提出一种基于深度时频特征学习的智能识别方法。基于降采样短时傅里叶变换高效提取具备较高辨识度和稳定性的浅层二维时频特征,利用信号局部频域维稀疏性完成降噪等预处理；设计用于深度特征学习与识别的卷积神经网络,并采用不同尺度卷积核组合扩展网络广度,强化特征表征能力；利用高信噪比条件下8种辐射源信号样本对网络进行训练调优,低信噪比样本测试验证算法和网络的有效性。仿真结果表明,该方式在-8 dB信噪比条件下能达到98.31%的整体平均识别率,具备较强的鲁棒性。     

数字调制信号的神经网络识别方法

提出数字调制信号的人工神经网络识别方法，从信号幅度、相位、频率及功率谱等特性中提取五种特征参数，用于训练神经网络对数字调制信号的识别。采用神经网络，不仅可提高识别的智能化，而且能提高正确识别率。     

一种基于循环谱的数字信号调制识别方法

文章基于循环平稳信号处理理论,利用数字通信信号的循环谱特征的不同提出四个特征参数,用于信号调制识别。提取的参数较少,计算量较高阶循环累积量小。给出了三类信号调制方式自动识别算法的实现流程,该识别算法以统计理论为基础,不要求实现载波同步。仿真结果表明,在信噪比RSN≥5 dB时,算法的平均识别成功率>96%。     

CFO条件下的OFDM子载波调制样式识别方法

提出了一种基于信号幅度分布特征与多次方谱线特征相结合的调制样式识别算法。该算法主要基于正交解调后的正交频分复用子载波信号的幅度分布特征,采用直方图统计的方法实现多进制相移键控和多进制正交幅度调制识别,用多方次谱特征实现多进制相移键控类的调制识别。相比基于经典的高阶累积量的调制识别算法,具有更好的载波频率残留偏差适应能力,在载波频率偏差条件下,提高了调制识别率;相比循环平稳方法,具有更好的信噪比适应能力。仿真实验结果表明了该方法的有效性,相同的识别率下能适应更低的信噪比。     

调相信号自动识别的高阶累积量方法

在信号调制类型识别中,在相干、同步条件下实现调制识别是一类比较典型的研究方法,假设已经实现精确的载波同步并已知精确的定时同步信息.先在相干、同步条件下,利用高阶累积量来进行MPSK信号调制类型识别,然后对频率误差和位定时误差对识别算法带来的影响进行了研究.结果表明算法对一定的频差和定时误差具有鲁棒性.     

基于分形维数的数字调制信号识别

在复杂的电磁环境下,如何快速准确地对低信噪比下的常见通信信号进行较全面的识别是一个亟待解决的问题。在对信号分形维数仿真讨论的基础上,提出了一种新的通信信号识别方法。首先,对接收到的信号进行预处理,然后提取其盒维数和信息维数,将两者作为识别的特征参数,最后基于支持向量机实现未知信号的识别。由仿真结果分析可知:预处理后的信号序列的盒维数和信息维数分离度高且受噪声和信号参数的影响小,识别结果较好。在信噪比为5 dB时,不同调制类型信号间的识别准确率最低为87%。     

基于奇异谱修正香农熵的雷达信号识别方法

针对当前雷达辐射源识别在低信噪比下识别率准确率不高,信号处理过程中难以很好保留有用信息的问题,提出了一种基于奇异谱修正香农熵(Singular Spectrum Modified Shannon Entropy,SSSE)的雷达调制信号识别方法.通过符号化聚合近似和奇异谱分析对雷达信号进行处理,求出信号的分类特征SSSE,通过分类器将处理后的信号进行分类.仿真结果显示,该方法在低信噪比范围下,仍有较高总体识别率,并且优于符号化聚合近似和奇异谱分析法.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.