试论转化型抢劫罪的认定标准

在司法实践中,由盗窃、诈骗、抢夺转化为抢劫的刑事犯罪是一类比较典型的犯罪,其典型性主要体现为其犯罪性质已由盗窃、诈骗、抢夺转化为抢劫。现行刑法典第269条规定:“犯盗窃、诈骗、抢夺罪,为窝藏赃物、抗拒抓捕或者毁灭罪证而当场使用暴力或者以暴力相威胁的,依照本法第二百六十三条的规定定罪处罚,”根据这一规定,上述犯罪应以抢劫罪论处。笔者认为,在司法实务中适用本条来处理案件时,要真正理解本条的立法原意,并正确把握转化型抢劫罪严格的适用条件。这在实践中具有十分重要的意义。本文结合实践,对刑法典第269条转化型抢劫罪的适用条件等问题作一初步探讨。     

Corruption and economic crime in Nigeria

The focus of this paper is on the social and economic aspects of corruption in Nigeria. Given the increasingly borderless nature of corruption and economic crime, this paper argues that a successful control campaign requires a coordinated response that will fuse domestic and international strategies. While the paper is wholly committed to the strategy of depriving criminals of their ill-gotten wealth, it acknowledges that the success that law enforcement agencies have had around the world in ‘taking the profit out of crime’ has been hitherto unimpressive. Drawing on the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC), particularly Article 20, the paper argues that governments in developing economies should adopt the radical strategy of taxing unaccountable wealth and criminalising illicit enrichment.     

恐怖性爆炸犯罪防范对策初探

近年来,国内外恐怖组织不断实施恐怖性爆炸犯罪,给世界各国造成了巨大的生命和财产损失。恐怖性爆炸犯罪主要有自杀性恐怖爆炸犯罪、交通工具上的恐怖性爆炸犯罪、特定建筑物的恐怖性爆炸犯罪、制造混乱的恐怖性爆炸犯罪等几种类型。防范爆炸性犯罪的主要措施有：加大反恐立法、加强国际合作、严格安检制度、强化基础建设、落实新闻管控和和谐民族关系等。     

Strategies for managing the flexible capacity in the airline industry

The ability to effectively match supply and demand under uncertainty can result in significant revenue benefits in the airline industry. We study the benefits of a Demand Driven Swapping (DDS) approach that takes advantage of the flexibilities in the system and dynamically swaps aircraft as departures near and more accurate demand information is obtained. We analyze the effectiveness of different DDS strategies, characterized by their frequency (how often the swapping decision is revised), in hedging against demand uncertainty. Swapping aircraft several weeks prior to departures will not cause much disturbance to revenue management and operations, but will be based on highly uncertain demands. On the other hand, revising the swapping decision later will decrease the possibility of bad swaps, but at a higher cost of disrupting airport services and operations. Our objective is to provide guidelines on how the flexible (swappable) capacity should be managed in the system. We study analytical models to gain insights into the critical parameters that affect the revenue benefits of the different swapping strategies. Our study determines the conditions under which each of the different DDS strategies is effective. We complement our analysis by testing the proposed DDS strategies on a set of flight legs, using data obtained from United Airlines. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

自旋载体中的超紧组合GNSS接收机跟踪环路设计

自旋载体是全球导航卫星系统接收机的一种典型应用。当全球导航卫星系统载体自旋时,旋转产生的高阶动态将导致传统跟踪环路失锁;全球导航卫星系统与惯性导航系统组合可以有效补偿信号的高阶动态。因此,提出了一种利用惯性导航信息辅助卫星导航信号跟踪的超紧组合导航接收机环路设计方法,并分析了惯性导航信息辅助速率、自旋载体转速和信号载波相位误差之间的关系。通过仿真验证了所提接收机环路结构可以有效解决自旋载体接收机的信号跟踪问题,且相比于卫星导航单系统三阶环路而言,所提超紧组合环路结构可以显著提升自旋载体接收机的定位精度。     

Globalization's Bastards: Illegitimate Non-State Actors in International Law

The international system has great difficulty in dealing with illegitimate non-state actors such as transnational terrorist groups and organized crime syndicates. This is due to two main factors: the quality and quantity of influence these illegitimate actors have obtained in an era of globalization, and the fact that international law considers only individual criminals and terrorists as subjects, rather than the entire illegitimate enterprise, and does not adequately link individuals, enterprises and states to more nuanced and complex forms of sponsorship of illegal activities. This work offers an outline for tools that should be embedded in the fabric of international law and agreements, to sustain credibility against illegal non-state actors, to hold accountable  sponsors of illegality and to reinforce the legitimacy of globalization.     

计算机犯罪及其对策研究

随着科学技术的飞速发展 ,计算机技术广泛应用到社会生活的各个方面 ,给我们带来了极大的便利 ,但同时也引发了计算机犯罪。通过分析计算机犯罪的类型及其形成原因 ,认为对于计算机犯罪不能像传统犯罪那样 ,简单依靠法律来制裁和控制 ,只有从法律、技术、管理和道德教育四个方面齐抓共管 ,才能真正有效预防     

装甲车辆驾驶动作模糊模式识别研究

针对装甲车辆驾驶技能等级评判系统中,如何将驾驶训练过程中采集的驾驶动作数据还原成实际驾驶操作动作的瓶颈问题,采用模糊模式识别的方法,实现了对无限长待识序列数据的识别,并通过对实车采集数据的分析,验证了识别的有效性和准确性。     

有人/无人战斗机协同空战模式及能力需求分析

针对未来空战的特点对有人/无人战斗机协同空战的作战模式及能力需求进行了研究.从信息链到武器链时空过渡的角度分析了有人/无人机协同空战的作战优势;提出了两种典型的有人/无人机协同空战方式,并给出了作战过程描述及功能结构分析;基于“观测-评估-决策-执行”指挥控制环分析了有人/无人机协同空战的指挥控制流程;基于协同空战的任务需求提出各参与平台的能力需求.此研究对有人/无人机协同空战的发展具有一定的指导意义.     

普通高校非英语专业新生英语学习观念和策略的研究

本文以问卷和面谈的形式对非英语专业大学一年级新生作了一次调查,通过定量和定性分析发现:(1)学生对外语学习中的个体差异,外语学习的内容和形式,母语在外语学习中的作用没有明确的看法;(2)学生普遍认同管理学习过程的重要性;(3)学生的学习观念和学习策略之间存在着很大的差距。并探讨了此调查结果对外语策略培训的启示。     

The management of security incidents by private security

This article is about the management of security incidents in organisations and companies which are under the protection of private security personnel, whether in-house or contracted. Incidents can be defined as accidental or anecdotal (bird flies into a camera) to a violation of law or company policy. Managing security incidents is one of the key functions of a private security service provider. The purpose of this study is to explore the management of security incidents and the information related thereto, identify shortcomings and find solutions for managing these shortcomings. Interviews were used to gain insight from personnel within the private and government sectors which are served by the private security industry. It was found that security incidents are handled in a routine way by organisations from the different sectors. One major shortcoming is that security incidents and the information related thereto are not managed by security service providers according to an operational framework or model with the required infrastructure and resources. The significance of this study is for security incidents to be managed correctly, so that the information related thereto may be captured accurately, analysed and used proactively and reactively to improve physical protection systems, develop preventative strategies and provide actionable information products in order to reduce crime, increase detection rates and prevent losses.     

遥控式无人机多任务侦察监视/干扰系统技术

军用无人机是高性能信息化武器装备,对提高战场空间感知能力、电子战能力、压制敌防空系统能力、作战生存能力和联合作战能力与主宰战场能力等起重要作用,在未来战争中占突出的地位.主要对无人机的有效载荷系统、数据传输系统、测控控制站、数据处理等可能的技术途径、关键技术、作战使用进行描述.     

Terrorism,crime and public spending: Panel VAR evidence from europe

Within a panel VAR framework and utilizing generalized impulse response and forecast error variance decomposition analysis, we explore the dynamic effects of terrorism and crime on public order and safety spending across European countries during the period 1994–2006. Our findings show that a ‘shock’ in terrorism and/or in crime, significantly increases the subsequent trajectory of public order and safety spending. As a by-product, we find that public spending is ineffective in reducing observed crime or terrorism.     

装甲车辆发动机发展综述

介绍了坦克装甲车辆发动机的发展概况,综合论述了我军新装备发动机的主要技术特点和第四代坦克发动机的技术发展趋势.     

灭火控制盒原位测试系统设计

为满足车辆灭火系统快速维修保障的需求,提出一种灭火系统原位测试方案,该方案通过便携式主控机控制适配器模拟灭火控制盒各种工作状况,在无需引爆灭火瓶的情况下,迅速准确地定位灭火控制盒故障,并通过主控机上的故障信息字典,提供维修保养意见。     

MODERN-DAY SLAVERY?

Hundreds of thousands of African men, women and children are being forced into situations of labour and sexual exploitation both on the continent and abroad every year. Internationally, trafficking in persons has been identified as a serious threat to human security and development by governments, pressure groups and the UN. But for many African governments, the problem has only recently been acknowledged. This article, the first in a two part series on the issue, outlines the types and extent of trafficking in Africa, with a focus on West and Central Africa. Contributing factors, in particular the high profit margins and low risk of arrest and conviction, are reviewed as well as the impact on human rights, public health, community and family development and the growth of organised crime. The second article in the series will consider successful strategies and international programmes, with a focus on the lessons learned for Africa from West Africa.     

Multi-scale traffic vehicle detection based on faster R-CNN with NAS optimization and feature enrichment

It well known that vehicle detection is an important component of the field of object detection. However, the environment of vehicle detection is particularly sophisticated in practical processes. It is compara-tively difficult to detect vehicles of various scales in traffic scene images, because the vehicles partially obscured by green belts, roadblocks or other vehicles, as well as influence of some low illumination weather. In this paper, we present a model based on Faster R-CNN with NAS optimization and feature enrichment to realize the effective detection of multi-scale vehicle targets in traffic scenes. First, we proposed a Retinex-based image adaptive correction algorithm (RIAC) to enhance the traffic images in the dataset to reduce the influence of shadow and illumination, and improve the image quality. Second, in order to improve the feature expression of the backbone network, we conducted Neural Architecture Search (NAS) on the backbone network used for feature extraction of Faster R-CNN to generate the optimal cross-layer connection to extract multi-layer features more effectively. Third, we used the object Feature Enrichment that combines the multi-layer feature information and the context information of the last layer after cross-layer connection to enrich the information of vehicle targets, and improve the robustness of the model for challenging targets such as small scale and severe occlusion. In the imple-mentation of the model, K-means clustering algorithm was used to select the suitable anchor size for our dataset to improve the convergence speed of the model. Our model has been trained and tested on the UN-DETRAC dataset, and the obtained results indicate that our method has art-of-state detection performance.     

病态信息的控制方法

在总结近10年病态信息控制工作经验的基础上,介绍了病态信息控制方法发展的6个阶段,提出了病态信息控制方法体系的3个层次和3种应用类型,形成了预处待用制和病态决策制2种病态信息处理的基本方法.3个层次是指:面向国家与社会的社会道德与法律的控制方法、面向组织的政策与策略的控制方法、面向基层的管理与技术的控制方法.3种类型是指检测/监测、整理、诊断方法.     

防暴驱散车武器配置设计及作战效能评估

从武警部队执行中心任务需求出发,分析了防暴驱散车的功能要求,提出了防暴驱散车作战武器配置方案,建立了防暴驱散车作战效能评估模型。运用模糊层次分析法,通过模糊互补判断矩阵及最小方差算法,将定性分析与定量分析相结合,实现了对防暴驱散车作战效能的评估。