W波段雷达导引头低剖面单脉冲天线研究

为降低W波段毫米波雷达导引头单脉冲天线的体积和加工难度,设计了一种新型雷达导引头低剖面单脉冲径向线缝隙阵列天线(MPRLSA).该天线由矩形波导一径向线变换器、径向线缝隙阵列和平面和差网络组成.使用遗传算法和电磁场仿真软件相结合的方法自动优化设计导引头单脉冲天线各个部件,给出了优化前后和差方向图.仿真性能满足使用要求.     

一种波束展宽的宽频带圆极化微带天线的设计与制作

文章设计了一种波束展宽的宽频带圆极化微带天线。天线单元采用层叠结构的形式实现宽频带,通过在天线四周加导电墙并改变地板尺寸展宽微带天线的波束宽度。主要研究了改变导电墙高度以及地板大小对天线的半功率波束宽度以及低仰角增益带来的影响,通过仿真优化,这种方法可以将天线的半功率波束宽度从68°提高到100°,同时仰角30°增益从0.01 dB提高到2.4 dB。加工制作了相应的微带天线,测试结果表明该天线具有频带宽、低仰角增益高以及波束宽度宽的优点,与仿真结果吻合较好。     

新型树状分形超宽带天线的设计

提出了一种新型树状分形超宽带天线。采用共面波导馈电,通过加载分形缝隙,使天线的阻抗带宽大幅提高。给出了天线回波损耗、方向图和增益结果。对2阶分形天线进行了加工与测试。测试结果表明,天线带宽达到3.5～8GHz,相对带宽为70%。仿真结果与测试结果基本吻合,为超宽带小型化天线的设计提供了新的思路。     

宽带宽缝隙共形天线的设计及其特性研究

针对宽带共形天线需要满足剖面低、体积小、易与载体共形并且具有宽频带性能的要求,文章首先设计了一种宽带宽缝隙平面天线,采用共面波导方式(CPW)馈电,低介电常数介质板厚度仅有0.2 mm,分析了各个参数对天线特性的影响,将平面天线与柱体共形,研究了天线共形之后的阻抗特性和辐射特性的变化。仿真结果表明,平面天线的阻抗带宽(S11≤10 dB)覆盖5.35 GHz~6.7 GHz,中心频率为5.85 GHz,最大增益4.5 dB,辐射特性稳定,共形后天线的谐振频率减小,低频带宽增大,波束宽度展宽,辐射增强,阻抗带宽覆盖5.24 GHz~6.43GHz,最大增益4.6 dB,辐射特性稳定。测试结果与仿真吻合较好,天线的结构简单,易于和载体共形。     

基于蜂群算法多子阵电台天线波束形成

考虑到战场环境下,低信噪比和敌方干扰容易造成超短波电台通信中断,而鉴于天线阵可以有效提高信噪比和抑制干扰,结合战场电台天线分布特点,提出一种多子阵电台天线应急接收模型。理论分析多子阵电台天线波束形成特性,以消除栅瓣、抑制干扰、提高增益为目标,采用蜂群算法对子阵间距进行优化。仿真结果表明,优化子阵间距可以有效消除栅瓣、抑制干扰、提高增益。同时,与遗传算法和粒子群算法相比,蜂群算法具有更好的全局搜索能力和收敛速度。该研究成果可为超短波电台应急通信提供参考。     

一种新型微带贴片天线及其分析

从普通微带贴片天线效率低的事实出发,提出了一种易于制作的新型微带贴片天线,对其进行仿真,并对仿真结果进行分析,与普通贴片天线进行比较,实测和仿真结果表明该天线的增益比普通天线约高0.3dB。该天线由于制作简单性能优良而具有一定的实用价值。     

一种新型双频双感圆极化方形环缝隙天线

文章设计了一种新型双频双感圆极化方形环缝隙天线。通过在接地板上开两个方形环缝隙,并改变方形环缝对角处的缝隙宽度形成微扰,从而分离谐振模来实现该天线的双频圆极化辐射。两个微扰结构关于馈电微带对称放置,则形成双频双感圆极化辐射。对该天线进行了仿真、制作和测试,仿真和测试结果表明,该天线在两个频带都具有良好的圆极化辐射效果。     

高功率UWB天线阵及其在外场探测中的应用

运用切割式巴仑实现高功率超宽带天线的平衡馈电,并用FDTD进行仿真分析。研制出2×4元高功率天线阵,测量结果显示该天线阵能耐250kV以上高压,工作带宽达6个倍频(200～12 000MHz),具有较好的脉冲波形保真性。利用所研制的天线阵列建立外场探测实验系统,在外场进行目标探测试验。结果表明该天线阵可以用于实际的超宽带雷达发射天线阵,为高功率源在雷达探测中的应用作出了初步探索。     

X波段全向共形机载天线的仿真与设计

针对工作于X频段的机载雷达天线的技术设计,使该天线由矩形平面天线与柱体共形,通过共面波导方式对其进行馈电。天线单元采用介电常数2.55,厚度为0.2mm的薄介质板。利用HFSS12对平面天线和共形天线进行仿真设计,对比了平面天线与共形天线的阻抗特性和辐射特性的变化。实验结果表明,共形后的天线带宽变大,增益提高,波束宽度展宽。在X波段内实现了低仰角扫描和方位面的全向扫描,实测阻抗带宽为7.0～12.5GHz,最大增益可达4dB,辐射特性稳定,满足机载天线的性能指标,可用作机载雷达天线单元。     

高功率微波辐照下抛物面天线的响应特性分析

针对天线响应信号仿真分析中激励源模拟、传播空间等效、仿真精度验证等难点,以典型抛物面天线为研究对象,提出了适用的仿真方案,计算了天线在高功率微波照射下的时频域响应特征。在此基础上,开展相应的响应特性实验,验证了仿真方法的正确性,为高功率微波照射下天线响应特性的研究提供了技术支撑。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.