基于VMD与数学形态学分形维数的战场声目标识别

为快速识别直升机与坦克的声信号,提出了一种变分模态分解(VMD)与分形维数相结合的声学目标识别方法。对目标声信号进行VMD分解,根据目标声信号的频域能量分布确定分解的模态(IMF)数目;通过数学形态学方法计算各个IMF的容量维数与信息维数,并以此为特征向量;利用BP神经网络分类器对直升机与坦克声目标进行识别,通过与传统EMD融合计盒维数的方法进行对比,验证了所提方法具有更高的识别率和运算速度。     

21世纪周边国家和地区陆航直升机发展趋势

长期以来,我周边国家和地区陆航的主力装备主要是运输直升机和观察直升机。为适应观代立体战争的迫切需要,满足陆军空地一体战的任务需求,进入20世纪80年代后,周边国家和地区竞相发展武装直升机,用以扭转陆航只能作为保障兵种的被动局面。目前我周边国家和地区的陆航,已初步完成了由保障兵种向主战兵种的转变,但由于冷战时期以美、苏为首的两大阵营的长期对抗和激烈竞争,曾经分属两大阵营的我周边国家和     

美军直升机的编制和装备

与其他各国相比,美军装备的直升机性能最先进、种类最齐全、数量最多。直升机作为美军陆海空天电一体战中连接空地战场的纽带,在近几场局部战争中发挥了极其重要的作用。美军直升机在编制和装备     

信号特征对分形维数的影响

分形维数是描述信号的一种有效方式,用来作为各种情况下信号复杂度的测量方法。但是对于此种分析的合理解释没有被给出。为了研究信号参数对分形维数的影响,通过对接受信号进行预处理,分别使用盒维数和信息维数进行维数估计,讨论信号采样点数、噪声功率、载频、码率对信号分形维数的影响。仿真结果表明:当采样频率一定时,分形维数在一定范围内对噪声不敏感;码率对盒维数的影响较小,对信息维数的影响较大;载频对信息维数的影响较小,对盒维数的影响较大。     

堆焊再制造层表面质量的分形表征方法

应用分形几何学方法,研究了不同路径间距条件下的堆焊再制造层表面形貌,用表面分形维数对堆焊再制造层表面质量进行了表征。结果表明:堆焊再制造层表面在一定尺度范围内具有分形特性,分形维数很好地表征了材料表界面的粗糙和复杂、不规则程度,是一个能够反映出表面内禀特性的特征参数,可以用分形维数来表征堆焊再制造层的表面质量;不同路径间距条件下的堆焊再制造层表面分形维数不同,路径间距越接近理论最佳值,堆焊再制造层表面分形维数越大,表面质量也越高。该方法可为进一步研究堆焊再制造层表面质量,以及优化堆焊熔敷成形再制造工艺参数提供定量依据。     

光学表面的分形特点与模拟表征算法

根据光学表面在微观结构呈现出的自相似性,利用尺度无关的分形模型描述了其结构特征;采用结构函数法对抛光表面的分形维数进行计算,分析了粗糙度参数RMS值、误差波长、测量尺度、采样长度和采样点数对分形维数的影响规律。在此基础上,提出了采用一阶自回归分形模型对抛光表面进行模拟的新方法,分析了界定尺度、模型参数对分形特征和分形维数的影响规律。利用分形维数描述光学表面的微观结构具有评价方法简单、在一定范围内与测量尺度无关等优点。     

一波三折——美新型武装侦察直升机研发计划再次受挫

2008年末，美国陆军宣布放弃以ARH-70A作为新型武装侦察直升机的研发计划，这是继2004年宣布撤销总金额为146亿美元的RAH-66“科曼奇”轻型侦察／攻击直升机研发计划后，美军在陆航装备发展上进行的又一项重大调整。消息传出后，媒体一片哗然。刚刚被定为新装备研发计划的ARH-70A转眼之间就下马，这其中到底有什么玄机，美军葫芦里到底卖着什么药，让我们以此文一探究竟。     

基于多重分形广义维数的机械故障诊断方法

提出利用多重分形广义维数来描述信号特征 ,并以振动信号广义维数、广义维数谱图、敏感维数为特征向量的模式空间样本库为基础 ,给出了通过维数相关系数等判别条件进行识别的机械故障多重分形广义维数诊断方法。应用于圆盘类裂纹故障的诊断 ,取得了令人满意的结果。     

建设强大的武装直升机部队，主宰超低空战场

一直以来,这就是一支引人瞩目的部队,“小羚羊”就是他们特有的标签。这也是一支在中国陆航发展历史上具有标志性意义的部队,它是中国陆军航空兵的第一支武装直升机部队,标志着中国陆军航空兵也拥有了对地打击的铁拳。在近20年的发展历程中,这支部队的努力与探索为中国陆航武装直升机部队发展做出了最好的铺垫。     

美陆航加快转犁步伐

美国陆军航空兵是一个在现代战争中发展壮大起来的新兵种。在近代战争史中,陆军装备最具革命性的发展就是直升机,它使传统的陆军摆脱了地面的束缚,实现了真正空地一体化的作战形式转变。未来陆军的发展趋势是摆脱地面限制向空中发展,而直升机的活动空域是“一树之高”的低空或超低空,是陆军最直接的受益者和亲密伙伴,因而,加强陆军航空兵建设,已成为美国陆军建设的革命性思想。特别是伊拉克战争后,美军研究陆航建设和发展问题的热情空前高涨,并将陆军航空兵作为陆军建设的主战兵种,予以重点和优先发展,一支编制体制合理、作战能力强大、平台…     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.