数值模拟类升力体外形高超声速粘性绕流

采用空间二阶精度的交替方向隐式分解的NND格式求解完全气体假定下的非定常薄层近似Navier Stokes方程 ,并采用抛物化的椭圆型方程生成复杂带翼外形的空间网格。最后给出了类升力体外形在M∞ =8 0 ,α =2 0°下的流场计算结果。     

关于电容C=Q／U公式中Q的一点注释

本文分析了电容器两极板带不等量电荷的情形,对电容C=Q/U公式中Q的含义给出了注释:一般情况下,C=Q/U中的Q应是电容器两极板内侧表面所带的电量,将公式C=Q/U推广应用到计算一类带不等电电荷电容器的电容.     

关于强增生算子的有限族的强收敛定理

提出了Banach空间中非线性增生算子方程带误差的三重迭程式, 研究了多个非线性增生算子解与多个强伪压缩映象的公共不动点逼近问题, 获得 2个收敛定理。     

带壳体云爆弹药液体燃料抛撒的数值模拟

建立了带壳体云爆弹药数值模拟模型,分析了圆柱壳体的断裂准则。壳体材料采用Johnson-Cook热粘性本构方程,断裂准则采用Taylor断裂应力准则,应用Autodyn软件进行了数值模拟,给出了内部爆炸载荷下液体燃料的压力曲线和速度曲线,并进行了分析。     

时域下空间曲线曲率及挠率问题的研究

空间域下拦截弹制导问题可转化为空间曲线进行研究,由空间曲线论的基本定理可知该曲线的曲率和挠率能够完全确定曲线的性态,由此可通过曲率和挠率的调整来确定拦截弹的制导路径,从而实现对目标弹的有效拦截,基于此思想,将几何中弧长域下的Frenet公式转化为时域下的Frenet公式,并建立了视线运动方程和弹目相对运动方程,在此基础上推导了曲率和挠率的指令公式,相对于比例导引律及大量的现代制导律,采用几何的方法更加直接,为拦截弹制导及相关问题的进一步研究提供了思路.     

双基地雷达测向交叉定位算法的误差模型

利用双基地平面关系将空间三维问题降为平面二维处理;在分析影响定位精度因素前提下,采用合理的假定对定位方程泰勒展开,建立测向交叉定位算法的误差分析模型,并证明了测向交叉定位算法的空间位置最小均方差估计是无偏估计,通过仿真算例,可以看出建立的误差模型符合实际情况.     

对接厚板表面裂纹的残余应力强度因子

利用线弹簧模型求解对接厚板表面裂纹的残余应力强度因子。基于Reissner板理论和连续分布位错思想,将对接厚板表面裂纹问题归结为一组Cauchy型奇异积分方程,并采用Gauss-Chebyshev方法给出了奇异积分方程的数值结果,并与有限元解进行比较,计算结果表明:用线弹簧模型解决含残余应力表面裂纹问题不仅是合理可行的,而且是一种简单方便的方法,便于工程实际应用。     

纵向涡发生器对棒状燃料元件温度场的影响分析

运用CFD方法,模拟计算了在反应堆棒状燃料元件包壳表面加装纵向涡产生器(LVG)后,燃料棒、气隙、包壳和冷却剂的温度场和冷却剂的流场。计算时采用分块结构网格对带LVG的计算区域划分网格,使用SSTk-ω模型模拟冷却剂的湍流流动,对于控制方程和湍流方程的离散采用二阶格式以保证计算精度。计算结果表明:加装LVG后,包壳和冷却剂间的换热有所改善,燃料棒、气隙和包壳的最高温度有所降低。在LVG附近,燃料棒、气隙、包壳和冷却剂温度均会出现一个峰值,然后急剧下降。冷却剂流动的湍动能突然增强,有效地增强了冷却剂的横向流动,经过LVG后,湍动能逐渐减弱,横向流动速度也逐渐减小。     

空腔噪声非线性数值模拟

将雷诺平均N-S方程与非线性噪声求解方法相结合,对M219空腔在Ma=0.6,Ma=0.85,Ma=1.35条件下进行了气动噪声分析。通过雷诺平均N-S方程求解空腔流场,得到包含空腔平均流场基本特征以及强制设定的湍流脉动统计描述的初始湍流统计平均解,采用非线性噪声求解方法重构噪声源并高精度模拟压力脉动的传播。通过与试验结果对比表明非线性噪声求解方法能够较好地捕捉空腔流动中的压强脉动及噪声水平。与分离涡模拟方法相比,非线性噪声求解方法在保持计算精度的同时大大减少计算网格,对内埋弹舱快速设计具有一定的参考意义。     

全附体多桨船模自航点数值求解方法研究

针对带附体的四桨双舵船模,采用结构化网格离散全附体模型表面,基于RANS方程求解了船桨舵耦合的复杂粘性流场,数值模拟了主船体阻力试验、螺旋桨敞水试验、全附体模型阻力试验和自航试验,建立了螺旋桨转速自动调节的模型自航点求解方法。该方法的计算结果与试验结果进行了比较分析,结果表明:全附体模型阻力误差小于3.8%,自航点转速误差小于4.3%。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.