基于硬件计数器的MPEG4视频应用性能特征分析

通过指令集扩展来增强多媒体应用性能是微处理器发展的一个趋势,IntelMMX、SSE和SSE2是很好的例子。但应用本身的特点是否支持这些体系结构特性,应用软件是否充分发挥了多媒体指令集的潜力,都是值得关注的问题。采用动态Profiling的方法,研究MPEG4视频应用在基于IntelP4处理器的桌面机上的性能特性,使用硬件计数器工具来获取指令级的性能数据,并进行了深入分析。发现MPEG4播放软件较好地利用了IntelP4的64位MMX指令集,但对SSE和SSE2指令集几乎没有利用上;两级Cache不命中导致的性能损失很大。为提高视频播放性能,改进存储层次设计与优化播放软件比改进多媒体指令集更加有效。     

一种面向宽带复杂信号侦察的可配置计算应用框架

可配置计算系统的优势与系统设计过程的复杂性是一对矛盾,可配置计算框架为此提供了有益的思路。但受限于适用范围与通用性考虑,已有的特别是商业框架仅支持系统的静态重构。本文针对宽带信号侦察这一特定应用领域,提出了一种功能级可配置计算应用框架BSRRCS-RCAF,该框架将领域应用中具有共性的计算与功能模块抽取和集中起来,形成二进制比特流配置文件库,并提供构建此类系统的公共服务体系。基于公共服务体系以及配置文件库,当需要修改或者重新构建宽带信号侦察系统时,只需在现有框架下动态调用配置组件库,或者遵循框架的统一设计接口完善补充组件库中的特定功能部分,整个系统设计框架将得到方便复用,便于实现基于快速重构的多种系统功能。     

流水的浮点倒数近似值运算部件的设计与实现

在部分低精度浮点运算应用中,需要流水的浮点倒数近似值运算。本文基于SRT-4算法设计并实现了一种流水的浮点倒数近似值运算部件。该部件采用6级流水线结构,运算结果精度至少为8位有效尾数。为了支持对非规格化浮点数的硬件处理,还设计并实现了改进版,有利于进一步提高浮点倒数近似值运算的性能。改进版采用8级流水线结构,新增了源操作数预规格化和结果后规格化功能模块,可以实现对非规格化浮点数的硬件处理。经过逻辑综合评估,改进版的硬件开销是面积在合理范围内增加19.23%,且对时序没有明显影响,可以满足预期的1.6 GHz频率设计目标。     

面向图计算应用的处理器访存通路优化设计与实现

针对图计算应用的访存特点,提出并实现一种支持高并发、乱序和异步访存的高并发访存模块(High Concurrency and high Performance Fetcher, HCPF)。通过软-硬件协同的设计方法,HCPF可同时处理192条共8种类型的内存访问请求,且访存粒度可由用户定义,满足图计算应用对海量低延迟细粒度数据访问的需求。同时,HCPF扩展了基于内存语义的跨计算节点定制互连技术,支持远程内存的细粒度直接访问,为后续实现分布式图计算框架提供技术基础。结合上述两个核心研究内容,基于流水线RISC-V处理器核,设计并实现了可支持HCPF的RISC-V片上系统(System-on-Chip,SoC)架构,搭建基于FPGA的原型验证平台,并使用自研测试程序对HCPF进行初步性能评测。实验结果表明,HCPF相比原有访存通路,最高可将基于数组和随机地址的两种随机内存访问性能分别提升至3.5倍和2.7倍。远程内存直接访问4 Byte数据的延时仅为1.63μs。     

用声发射信号和改进的BP神经网络预测磨削表面粗糙度

针对磨削表面粗糙度传统BP（Back Propagation）神经网络模型在线预测时存在预测精度低、误差大等问题,以磨削声发射信号的RMS值、FFT值、标准差、方差和偏斜度5参量为输入单元,建立了三层BP神经网络来预测磨削表面粗糙度,并应用附加动量法和自适应学习速率法对其进行了改进。通过仿真优化了隐层单元数,利用模型对磨削加工10个频段的声发射信号样本进行优选,确定将300400kHz的声发射（Acoustic Emission,AE）信号作为表面粗糙度预测模型学习样本频段。实验结果显示：改进后的BP预测模型与传统BP模型相比,具有收敛速度快、预测精度高的特点,相对误差可控制在8.66%以内。     

GSVM:一种支持Gather/Scatter的向量存储器

宽单指令多数据流(Single Instruction Multiple Data, SIMD)架构数字信号处理器一般都能高效支持地址连续或等距跨步等规则应用的向量访存,但对于科学与工程计算中广泛存在的不规则应用的数据访存则带宽利用率往往较低,从而大幅降低了其整体运算能效。为了提高不规则应用的向量访存性能,基于某SIMD数字信号处理器的体系结构,设计了一种支持Gather/Scatter访存的向量存储器GSVM。通过设计与SIMD宽度相匹配的向量地址计算单元和合适深度的冲突缓冲器阵列,实现了Gather/Scatter指令向量地址计算、仲裁与缓存的全流水访存操作。实验结果表明,相比以前不支持Gather/Scatter访存的存储器,GSVM在增加22%的硬件代价基础上,基于稀疏矩阵向量乘的测试程序集获得了2～8的性能加速比。     

有限维修能力下作战单元装备可用度评估及备件配置优化

以作战单元长期远离保障基地执行作战任务为背景,考虑作战单元携行维修能力有限的实际情况,基于可靠性理论,提出了两级多单元保障系统下的故障件部分可修时的装备可用度评估方法。通过搭建蒙特卡洛仿真模型开展了保障过程仿真,并与所提方法做了对比验证,结果表明:该方法在处理有限维修能力下作战单元可用度评估问题时具有较高的精度。以备件购置费用为优化目标、装备可用度为约束条件,构建了有限维修能力下的备件库存优化模型,并采用边际优化方法对备件库存进行了优化配置,算例表明:根据备件优化模型和优化方法可以得到合理可靠的备件配置方案,能够为装备保障人员对作战单元备件配置方案的选取和评估提供决策支持。     

基于元模型的军事信息系统体系结构表现方法

为实现以数据为中心的体系结构开发策略,更好地支持面向不同目的、不同层级决策者需求的体系结构描述开发,增强体系结构描述的灵活性、可演化性,提出了基于元模型的体系结构表现方法,将体系结构描述的视图分为传统的多视图产品和定制模型两类,分析了不同系统参与者对于体系结构描述的需求,并研究了多种体系结构数据的表现技术如定制建模方法、信息板方法及产品合成方法等,为支持多样化的体系结构决策提供了良好的基础.     

舰空导弹协同攻击目标分配方法研究

根据双舰编队反导队形的配置和舰空导弹的战术技术性能,提出了针对多批目标的实时火力分配决策方法,根据当前态势和火力单元特性对需分配的目标进行静态实时火力分配,系统不断循环直至目标分配完毕,最后用实例进行了分析,计算结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

MGR-SAT:一种基于流模板的多粒度可重构数字信号处理器

面对需求各异的数字信号处理应用,当前主流的通用处理器、DSP、ASIC和FPGA不能同时满足各应用在成本、功耗、性能、灵活性方面的要求.针对这些问题,结合流处理技术、可重构技术和平台技术,提出一种基于流模板的多粒度可重构数字信号处理器MGR-SAT.MGR-SAT利用流处理技术来解耦合数据运算与访存,提供多种粒度的大规...     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.