舰船主动力装置故障隔离与参数估计方法

针对舰船主动力装置结构复杂、故障种类多和系统不确定性等故障诊断问题，提出采用基于双因果键合图模型的定量故障隔离与参数估计方法。根据系统传感器配置方案，建立双因果键合图模型，通过因果路径分析，推导得到系统解析冗余关系，并获得故障特征矩阵。建立系统线性分式变换键合图模型，开展故障仿真，将其与双因果键合图模型耦合，在MATLAB/Simulink环境中进行仿真试验，实现了舰船主动力装置的故障隔离与参数估计。结果表明：对双因果键合图模型因果路径分析，可以避免手动推导系统解析冗余关系的繁杂过程；基于其部件构造方程的分析可以有效实现系统故障隔离与参数估计，实时跟踪和预测故障状态。     

基于RBF神经网络和定性趋势分析的传感器故障诊断

针对传感器偏置故障及漂移故障,提出了一种基于RBF神经网络和定性趋势分析的传感器故障诊断方法.该方法充分利用控制系统闭环回路测控信息,建立RBF神经网络预测器,通过将RBF神经网络的预测输出值与传感器实际输出相比较获取残差序列,根据残差首先判断传感器是否发生故障,然后用定性趋势分析方法获得传感器偏置故障和漂移故障的辨识...     

基于模糊模型的发动机部件级故障隔离方法研究

发动机故障诊断与故障隔离是发动机健康监控领域的一大难题,但对发动机故障定位、预防灾难性事故发生及发动机维修意义重大。为了准确地确定故障发生的部位,本文针对某型液体火箭发动机,提出一种基于模糊模型的部件级故障隔离方法。首先对发动机系统进行部件的划分,然后建立各个部件的模糊模型并进行训练,最后按照设定的故障检测与隔离策略对故障进行诊断。利用两组发动机故障仿真数据对基于模糊模型部件级故障隔离方法进行验证,结果表明:本方法可以实现单一或多个部件故障隔离。     

改进的四陀螺冗余捷联惯组故障诊断与隔离方法

四个陀螺和四个加速度计构成的冗余捷联惯组系统,采用等价空间法——广义似然比法、最优奇偶向量法进行故障诊断与隔离时,会出现不能正确隔离出故障仪表的问题。分析后得出,存在一个余度时,等价空间法只能诊断出故障,而无法隔离故障仪表,这是由等价空间法的原理决定的。小波变换可对信号进行多尺度分析,能够准确地找出信号奇异点——幅值突变和频率突变等。基于以上问题,利用小波变换对突变信号敏感的特性,提出等价空间+小波变换的组合方法,对四陀螺冗余捷联惯组进行故障诊断与隔离。数字仿真试验证明:对于阶跃型故障,该组合方法能诊断故障并能成功进行故障隔离。     

基于神经网络集成的传感器故障诊断研究

针对诊断传感器偏置故障及漂移故障的难点问题,提出了一种基于神经网络集成的传感器故障诊断方法。该方法将传感器输出看做时间序列,通过加噪声生成抖动数据,建立多组神经网络,以获得神经网络集成预测器输出。通过将预测器输出与传感器实际输出相比较获取残差序列,获得基于残差序列的传感器偏置故障和漂移故障的辨识策略,实现传感器故障在线诊断。应用结果表明该方法可以提高神经网络的运算精度,从而快速准确地检测和分离传感器故障,辨识传感器故障类型以及故障发生的时间。     

状态X~2检验法在联邦滤波器中的应用

针对联邦滤波器的特殊性,基于残差故障统计检验原理,详细研究了状态检验法应用时存在的几个问题。由于信息分配,造成子滤波器局部估计次优,从而基于残差的故障统计检验方法不能够直接使用;针对这一问题,修正了残差方差阵的计算方法,并提出一种次优自适应补偿方法,能够有效改善局部估计次优性对故障检测灵敏度的影响。最后的仿真结果表明了研究的有效性和可行性。     

线性时变作战系统运用效能评估方法

作战系统的运用效能受人员操作和装备性能影响,具有线性时变特性,需要一种解析化的分析评估方法。归纳了作战系统中人员操作的改变和装备性能衰减对作战系统的运用效能所产生的影响,构建了线性时变系统解析化分析关系模型。设计了一个示例,运用所提出的方法,分析了人员操作有效性的改变和装备性能的衰减对系统运用效能的影响。     

某火控系统故障隔离中的信息采集与诊断推理

复杂装备火控系统的故障具有关联性和耦合性,故障隔离需要信息采集为诊断推理提供数据支持,并在诊断推理过程中对信息采集进行控制。基于火控系统工作原理分析了故障隔离的信息需求和信号类型,给出信息采集系统的具体形式;采用分层故障网络和框架结构进行诊断知识表示,并通过信息采集来获取测试信息,以保证诊断推理过程的有效进行;设计了故障诊断的推理控制策略,并对于实际应用的诊断推理过程进行了描述。     

基于解析冗余的容错控制--控制率重构研究

研究了基于解析冗余的容错控制--控制率重构方法,分析了控制系统中传感器出现故障时其输出信息重构的问题,并针对核反应堆控制系统进行了仿真试验.由试验结果看出,传感器输出信息重构方法是正确的.     

基于直线基元角方向对几何关系直方图的目标识别方法

针对以往"角方向对几何"同类技术[6～8]提出了新的基于直线基元的几何不变特征关系,并使用该关系针对目标线集建立特征关系多维直方图,作为目标的几何不变特征,通过多维直方图匹配进行目标识别。实验证明该模式关系对于较规则的形体,其检测精度优于以往方法,可用于基于内容与结构的图像分析与目标识别系统中。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.