辅助鞅下投资消费资产模型的一些基本性质

针对所给出的有交易费的资产模型,引入了资产折算函数,并利用辅助鞅和凸函数对偶方法,讨论了该模型下折算资产优化的性质.     

带交易未定权益有偏好无套利定价

针对引入的有交易费正常化资产模型和有偏好套期保值投资策略,利用辅助鞅和资产折算函 数方法,讨论了未定权益的有偏好无套利机会定价问题,还给出了相应的有偏好无套利机会的定价区间。     

阶梯形变截面弹性支座连续梁的弯曲计算

本文利用折算载荷法,推导出了阶梯形变截面弹性支座连续梁弯曲计算的基本方程,编写了通用计算机解题程序。     

空投产品入水可靠性的评估方法

针对空投某产品时试验多状态、小样本的特点,提出了基于回归折算的性能可靠性评估方法.通过分析投放过程的数学模型,给出入水参数关于投放条件的回归模型,并根据试验数据估计出回归系数.利用回归折算将分散在不同空投条件下的试验数据折算到某一条件下,基于折算后的试验数据得到了较客观的产品入水可靠性评估结果.     

一种新的双应力加速寿命试验研究（Ⅱ）——统计分析篇

围绕双应力交叉步降加速寿命试验的统计分析问题进行讨论,首先对统计分析的条件进行了假定,然后在指数分布场合下对统计分析具有关键作用的数据折算问题进行了探讨,给出数据折算的公式及折算过程中参数估计问题的求解算法,最后利用仿真试验数据进行验证,结果表明该统计方法用于双应力交叉步降加速试验是有效的.     

军队基本建设费与资产相结合“三算三同”管理模式探讨

军队基本建设费与资产相结合管理,重点要在"三算三同"上下功夫,即在编审"概算"时同步审查存量资产,在批复"决算"时同步办理资产挂账,在审核"结算"时同步登记资产购建。推行基本建设费与资产相结合管理,应立法明确经费与资产管理职能,优化工程建设规划立项办法和程序,建立科学合理的管理考评办法。     

加强军队实物资产内部控制改革的几点建议

军队实物资产是国有资产的重要组成部分,是生成战斗力和形成后勤保障力的最基本物质基础。加强军队实物资产内部控制,应完善实物资产内部控制制度,采取多种实物资产内部控制方法,创新实物资产内部控制技术手段,有效提高实物资产管理效率。     

浅议《物权法》与国防资产的保护与管理

深入研究《物权法》的基本原则,澄清对国防资产所有权的认识误区,建立健全国防资产管理制度势在必行。     

武器装备资产管理体系框架构建

武器装备是军队资产的核心部分,是军队战斗力最重要的物质基础。在全面推行绩效管理总体要求下,阐述了武器装备资产管理的研究现状,按照资产价值形成、确认、核算以及核销的基本规律,以作战需求为牵引,提出了全要素管理、全寿命周期、实时动态、一体化管理的基本原则,确立了该体系的逻辑起点,探讨了其主要要素和管理组织机构设置,分析了武器装备资产价值管理全寿命阶段的主要内容,最终初步构建起集经费、资产和价值为一体的武器装备资产管理体系框架。     

今年清产核资的基本程序

今年清产核资的基本程序第一步资产清查根据“见帐就清,见物就点,不重不漏,不留死角”的原则,资产以帐面值为依据,核实盘点实有资产,查明帐面资产的实物存量和盘盈、盘亏数量,对毁损待报废资产上报审批,确定清查值,对帐外资产进行核实登记。第二步所有权界定根据...     

Determination of suppliers' optimal quantity discount schedules with heterogeneous buyers

Although the quantity discount problem has been extensively studied in the realm of a single supplier and a single buyer, it is not well understood when a supplier has many different buyers. This paper presents an analysis of a supplier's quantity discount decision when there are many buyers with different demand and cost structures. A common discrete all‐unit quantity discount schedule with many break points is used. After formulating the model, we first analyze buyers' responses to a general discrete quantity discount schedule. This analysis establishes a framework for a supplier to formulate his quantity discount decision. Under this framework, the supplier's optimal quantity discount schedule can be formulated and solved by a simple non‐linear programming model. The applicability of the model is discussed with an application for a large U.S. distribution network. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 49: 46–59, 2002; DOI 10.1002/nav.1052     

Single-period inventory models with demand uncertainty and quantity discounts: Behavioral implications and a new solution procedure

Quantity discounts are considered in the context of the single-period inventory model known as “the newsboy problem.” It is argued that the behavioral implications of the all-units discount schedule are more complex and interesting than the literature has suggested. Consideration of this behavior and the use of marginal analysis lead to a new method for solving this problem that is both conceptually simpler and more efficient than the traditional approach. This marginal-cost solution procedure is described graphically, an algorithm is presented, and an example is used to demonstrate that this solution procedure can be extended easily to handle complex discount schedules, such as some combined (simultaneously applied) purchasing and transportation cost discount schedules.     

Quantity discount pricing policies for heterogeneous retailers with price sensitive demand

Although quantity discount policies have been extensively analyzed, they are not well understood when there are many different buyers. This is especially the case when buyers face price‐sensitive demand. In this paper we study a supplier's optimal quantity discount policy for a group of independent and heterogeneous retailers, when each retailer faces a demand that is a decreasing function of its retail price. The problem is analyzed as a Stackelberg game whereby the supplier acts as the leader and buyers act as followers. We show that a common quantity discount policy that is designed according to buyers' individual cost and demand structures and their rational economic behavior is able to significantly stimulate demand, improve channel efficiency, and substantially increase profits for both the supplier and buyers. Furthermore, we show that the selection of all‐units or incremental quantity discount policies has no effect on the benefits that can be obtained from quantity discounts. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005     

The effect of a temporary product distribution channel on supply chain performance

We analyze a supply chain of a manufacturer and two retailers, a permanent retailer who always stocks the manufacturer's product and an intermittent deal‐of‐the day retailer who sells the manufacturer's product online for a short time. We find that without a deal‐of‐the‐day (DOTD) retailer, it is suboptimal for the manufacturer to offer a quantity discount while it is optimal for the retailer to offer periodic price discounts to consumers. With the addition of a DOTD retailer, it is likely to be optimal for the manufacturer to offer a quantity discount. We show that even without market expansion, i.e., no exclusive DOTD retailer consumers, opening the intermittent channel can leave the permanent retailer no worse‐off while increasing the manufacturer's profit. We identify the regular and discounted wholesale prices and the threshold quantity at which the manufacturer should give the discount. We also identify the optimal retail prices. We find that opening the intermittent channel increases the profit of the manufacturer, is likely to decrease the average retail price and to increase sales, and may increase the permanent retailer's profit. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 505–528, 2016     

The capital supply curve in capacity expansion models: Some economic and algorithmic aspects

Capacity expansion models typically minimize the discounted cost of acquisition and operation over a given planning horizon. In this article we generalize this idea to one in which a capital supply curve replaces the usual discount rate. A capital supply curve is a means to model financial outlook, investment limits, and risk. We show that when such a curve is included in a capacity expansion model, it will, under certain conditions, provide a less capital intensive solution than one which incorporates a discount rate. In this article, we also provide an algorithm that solves capacity expansion models that incorporate a capital supply curve. The attractive feature of this algorithm is that it provides a means to utilize the “discount rate” models efficiently. Throughout, we give applications in power generation planning and computational experience for this application is also presented.     

Transportation type problems with quantity discounts

It is known to be real that the per unit transportation cost from a specific supply source to a given demand sink is dependent on the quantity shipped, so that there exist finite intervals for quantities where price breaks are offered to customers. Thus, such a quantity discount results in a nonconvex, piecewise linear functional. In this paper, an algorithm is provided to solve this problem. This algorithm, with minor modifications, is shown to encompass the “incremental” quantity discount and the “fixed charge” transportation problems as well. It is based upon a branch-and-bound solution procedure. The branches lead to ordinary transportation problems, the results of which are obtained by utilizing the “cost operator” for one branch and “rim operator” for another branch. Suitable illustrations and extensions are also provided.     

Interchange fee rate,merchant discount rate,and retail price in a credit card network: A game‐theoretic analysis

We consider two game‐theoretic settings to determine the optimal values of an issuer's interchange fee rate, an acquirer's merchant discount rate, and a merchant's retail price in a credit card network. In the first setting, we investigate a two‐stage game problem in which the issuer and the acquirer first negotiate the interchange fee rate, and the acquirer and the retailer then determine their merchant discount rate and retail price, respectively. In the second setting, motivated by the recent US bill “H.R. 2695,” we develop a three‐player cooperative game in which the issuer, the acquirer, and the merchant form a grand coalition and bargain over the interchange fee rate and the merchant discount rate. Following the cooperative game, the retailer makes its retail pricing decision. We derive both the Shapley value‐ and the nucleolus‐characterized, and globally‐optimal unique rates for the grand coalition. Comparing the two game settings, we find that the participation of the merchant in the negotiation process can result in the reduction of both rates. Moreover, the stability of the grand coalition in the cooperative game setting may require that the merchant should delegate the credit card business only to the issuer and the acquirer with sufficiently low operation costs. We also show that the grand coalition is more likely to be stable and the U.S. bill “H.R. 2695” is thus more effective, if the degree of division of labor in the credit card network is higher as the merchant, acquirer, and issuer are more specialized in the retailing, acquiring, and issuing operations, respectively. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2012     

The dynamic lot size model with quantity discount: Counterexamples and correction

Federgruen and Lee ([3]) proposed an optimal algorithm for the single-item dynamic lot size model with all-unit discount. In this note we show that their algorithm fails to find the optimal solution for some special cases. We also provide a modification to the algorithm to handle them. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 419–422, 1998     

一类扩散过程的最优停止

金融数学中关于美式期权的定价理论最后归结为一个对扩散过程的最优停止问题,扩散过程是特殊的马氏过程,本文讨论了当报酬函数非负时的值函数性质及其最优停时的表示。特别对带折扣的报酬的讨论,更加符合金融数学的需要     

有交易费的套期保值未定权益的最小债券价值量

讨论带交易费的多种股票的市场模型中未定权益的套期保值定价问题,提出折算函数作为总资产的一种较为合理的衡量方式,并来刻画套期保值策略,从而,利用鞅方法和折算函数的性质,得到带交易费套期保值未定权益的最小债券价值量结果。